The Role of Magmatic Sulfides and Mafic Alkaline Magmas in the Bingham and Tintic Mining Districts, Utah

Keith, Jeffrey D.; Whitney, James A.; Hattori, Kéiko; Ballantyne, G. H.; Christiansen, Eric H.; Barr, Deborah L.; Cannan, T.M.; Hook, C. J.

doi:10.1093/petroj/38.12.1679

Cited by 171 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These data suggest that no specific S enrichment is required to form this economic porphyry copper deposit. This view contrasts with findings from other systems where critical amounts of S are thought to have been sourced by co-magmatic basalts (Keith et al 1997;Hattori and Keith 2001;Maughan et al 2002;Halter et al 2002Halter et al , 2005Nadeau et al 2010Nadeau et al , 2016Steinberger et al 2013;Blundy et al 2015). Nevertheless, this concurs with the lack of evidence for mafic magma associated with the porphyries at Coroccohuayco (Chelle-Michou et al 2015a).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Amphibole and apatite insights into the evolution and mass balance of Cl and S in magmas associated with porphyry copper deposits

Chelle-Michou

Chiaradia

2017

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Chlorine and sulfur are of paramount importance for supporting the transport and deposition of ore metals at magmatichydrothermal systems such as the Coroccohuayco Fe-Cu-Au porphyry-skarn deposit, Peru. Here, we used recent partitioning models to determine the Cl and S concentration of the melts from the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite using apatite and amphibole chemical analyses. The pre-mineralization gabbrodiorite complex hosts S-poor apatite, while the syn-and post-ore dacitic porphyries host S-rich apatite. Our apatite data on the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite are consistent with an increasing oxygen fugacity (from the gabbrodiorite complex to the porphyries) causing the dominant sulfur species to shift from S 2− to S 6+ at upper crustal pressure where the magmas were emplaced. We suggest that this change in sulfur speciation could have favored S degassing, rather than its sequestration in magmatic sulfides. Using available partitioning models for apatite from the porphyries, pre-degassing S melt concentration was 20-200 ppm. Estimates of absolute magmatic Cl concentrations using amphibole and apatite gave highly contrasting results. Cl melt concentrations obtained from apatite (0.60 wt% for the gabbrodiorite complex; 0.2-0.3 wt% for the porphyries) seems much more reasonable than those obtained from amphibole which are very low (0.37 wt% for the gabbrodiorite complex; 0.10 wt% for the porphyries). In turn, relative variations of the Cl melt concentrations obtained from amphibole during magma cooling are compatible with previous petrological constraints on the Coroccohuayco magmatic suite. This confirms that the gabbrodioritic magma was initially fluid undersaturated upon emplacement, and that magmatic fluid exsolution of the gabbrodiorite and the pluton rooting the porphyry stocks and dikes were emplaced and degassed at 100-200 MPa. Finally, mass balance constraints on S, Cu and Cl were used to estimate the minimum volume of magma required to form the Coroccohuayco deposit. These three estimates are remarkably consistent among each other (ca. 100 km 3 ) and suggest that the Cl melt concentration is at least as critical as that of Cu and S to form an economic mineralization.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Amphibole and apatite insights into the evolution and mass balance of Cl and S in magmas associated with porphyry copper deposits

Chelle-Michou

Chiaradia

2017

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…Some of the Eocene stocks and dikes apparently vented to the surface forming a composite volcano, part of which is preserved on the eastern flank of the Oquirrh Mountains (Moore et al 1968;Moore 1973;Lanier et al 1978a;Keith et al 1997;Waite et al 1997;Keith et al 1998;Pulsipher 2000). This relationship is substantiated by (1) proximity of intrusive and extrusive rocks, (2) extrusive rocks dipping away from the Bingham intrusive center with steepest dips closest to the intrusive center to nearly horizontal at 10 km ( Fig.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keith et al (1997) reported the existence of quenched (glass-bearing) latite dikes just external to the Bingham mineralization and alteration that contain abundant magmatic sulfides. The sulfides, in addition to being Ni-rich (>2 wt%) and Cu-rich (exsolved chalcopyrite), contain hundreds to thousands of ppm of Zn, As, Ag, and Pb and tens of ppm of Se, Mo, and Pd.…”

Section: Contributions Of Sulfur and Metals From Mafic Magmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). A sequence of volcanic rocks of nearly identical age and similar petrographic and geochemical characteristics to Bingham porphyry intrusions lies 2-10 km south and east of the Bingham pit (Moore 1973;Lanier et al 1978a; Moore and McKee 1983;Christiansen and Keith 1996;Deino and Keith 1997;Keith et al 1997;Waite et al 1997;Pulsipher 2000). Many workers have documented mineralization characteristics of the Bingham Cu-Au-Mo porphyry (Boutwell 1905;Lindgren 1924;Atkinson and Einaudi 1978;Lanier et al 1978aLanier et al , 1978bWarnaars et al 1978;Wilson 1978;Babcock et al 1995;Phillips et al 1997;Inan and Einaudi 2000;Redmond and Einaudi 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Many workers have documented mineralization characteristics of the Bingham Cu-Au-Mo porphyry (Boutwell 1905;Lindgren 1924;Atkinson and Einaudi 1978;Lanier et al 1978aLanier et al , 1978bWarnaars et al 1978;Wilson 1978;Babcock et al 1995;Phillips et al 1997;Inan and Einaudi 2000;Redmond and Einaudi 2000). Others have documented petrologic, geochemical, isotope, and age relationships of various rock units of the Bingham district (Gilluly 1932;Moore 1973;Lanier et al 1978a;Warnaars et al et al 1995;Ballantyne et al 1997;Deino and Keith 1997;Keith et al 1997;Parry et al 1997;Waite et al 1997;Pulsipher 2000;Redmond and Einaudi 2000). Our work focuses on both newly discovered and previously documented (Gilluly 1932;Moore 1973;Moore andMcKee 1983, Waite et al 1997;Pulsipher 2000;Redmond and Einaudi 2000) mafic to intermediate alkaline rocks of the Bingham district.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contributions from mafic alkaline magmas to the Bingham porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Utah, USA

Maughan

Keith

Christiansen

et al. 2002

Mineralium Deposita

117

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The Bingham porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Utah, may only be world-class because of substantial contributions of sulfur and metals from mafic alkaline magma to an otherwise unremarkable calc-alkaline system. Volcanic mafic alkaline rocks in the district are enriched in Cr, Ni, and Ba as well as Cu, Au, platinum group elements (PGE), and S. The bulk of the volcanic section that is co-magmatic with ore-related porphyries is dacitic to trachytic in composition, but has inherited the geochemical signature of high Cr, Ni, and Ba from magma mixing with the mafic alkaline rocks. The volcanic section that most closely correlates in time with ore-related porphyries is very heterogeneous containing clasts of scoriaceous latite, latitic, and minette, and flows of melanephelinite, shoshonite, and olivine latite in addition to volumetrically dominant dacite/trachyte. Bingham ore-related porphyries show ample evidence of prior mixing with mafic alkaline magmas. Intrusive porphyries that have not been previously well-studied have several chemical and mineralogical indications of magma mixing. These ''mixed'' lithologies include the hybrid quartz monzonite porphyry, biotite porphyry, and minette dikes. Even some of the more silicic latite and monzonite porphyries retain high Cr and Ba contents indicative of mixing and contain trace amounts of sapphire (<1 mm). The heterogeneous block and ash flow deposits also contain sapphire and are permissively correlated with the intrusions based on chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic data. Magma mixing calculations suggest about 10% of the monzonitic/latitic orerelated magma may have been derived from mafic alkaline magma similar to the melanephelinite. If the original S content of the mafic magma was about 2,000-4,000 ppm, comparable with similar magmas, then the mafic magma may have been responsible for contributing more than half of the S and a significant portion of the Cu, Au, and PGE in the Bingham deposit.

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Petrogenesis of Cretaceous igneous rocks from the Duolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit, central Tibet: evidence from zircon U–Pb geochronology, petrochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope characteristics

Qin

et al. 2014

Geological Journal

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The Duolong porphyry Cu-Au deposit (5.4 Mt at 0.72% Cu, 41 t at 0.23 g/t Au) was recently discovered in the southern Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. Here, new whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope and zircon Hf isotopic data of syn-and post-ore volcanic rocks and barren and orebearing granodiorite porphyries are presented for a reconstruction of magmas associated with Cu-Au mineralization. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields mean ages of 117.0 ± 2.0 and 120.9 ± 1.7 Ma for ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry and 105.2 ± 1.

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The Role of Magmatic Sulfides and Mafic Alkaline Magmas in the Bingham and Tintic Mining Districts, Utah

Cited by 171 publications

References 17 publications

Amphibole and apatite insights into the evolution and mass balance of Cl and S in magmas associated with porphyry copper deposits

Amphibole and apatite insights into the evolution and mass balance of Cl and S in magmas associated with porphyry copper deposits

Contributions from mafic alkaline magmas to the Bingham porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, Utah, USA

Petrogenesis of Cretaceous igneous rocks from the Duolong porphyry Cu–Au deposit, central Tibet: evidence from zircon U–Pb geochronology, petrochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope characteristics

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