The Role of L‐Arginine and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Intestinal Permeability and Bacterial Translocation

Quirino, Iara Eliza Pacífico; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; Santos, Rosana das Graças Carvalho dos; Evangelista, Warlley Pinheiro; Arantes, Rosa Maria Esteves; Fiuza, Jacqueline Araújo; Glória, Maria Beatriz Abreu; Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I.; Batista, Marina Andrade; Correia, María Isabel Toulson Davisson

doi:10.1177/0148607112458325

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Viana et al evaluated arginine on bacterial translocation and found that it prevents disruption of intestinal epithelium, reducing gut permeability (21). Quirino et al showed that arginine improved intestinal permeability and reduced bacterial translocation in a model of intestinal obstruction(22). The effect of arginine in reducing bacterial translocation may be related to the results recently reported by Ren et al, who observed that supplementation with arginine alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota, contributing to the activation of intestinal innate immunity(28).…”

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confidence: 86%

“…It is considered a conditionally essential amino acid during catabolic states (16), and it participates in the synthesis of nitric oxide, urea, ornithine, citrulline, creatine, agmatine, glutamate, proline, and polyamines (17). The beneficial effects of L-arginine on the maintenance and recovery of the intestinal mucosa (18)(19)(20) in addition to improved intestinal permeability (21,22) have been reported. We hypothesized that pretreatment with L-arginine may reduce intestinal mucositis induced by administration of 5-FU.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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L-Arginine Pretreatment Reduces Intestinal Mucositis as Induced by 5-FU in Mice

Leocádio

Antunes

Teixeira

et al. 2015

Nutrition and Cancer

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Beneficial effects of L-arginine on immune responses and bowel function have been reported. Mucositis is a side effect of chemotherapy treatment that affects approximately 40% of patients. This complication is characterized by inflammation that affects the gastrointestinal tract, increasing permeability and causing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which worsen the patient's nutritional status and increases morbimortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pretreating with 2% L-arginine supplementation in water on mucositis as induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; a single dose of 200 mg/kg body weight) in Swiss male mice. The effect of L-arginine on weight, intestinal permeability, morphology, and the histopathological score of the small intestine (from 0 to 12), oxidative stress, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities were evaluated. Intestinal length improvement was observed, in addition to the partial recovery of the mucosal architecture. L-arginine attenuated the histopathological score and MPO activity. There was also an improvement in intestinal permeability, despite weight loss after 5-FU administration. In conclusion, L-arginine can positively impact intestinal mucositis by promoting partial mucosal recovery, reducing inflammation and improving intestinal permeability.

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confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Arginine Pretreatment Reduces Intestinal Mucositis as Induced by 5-FU in Mice

Leocádio

Antunes

Teixeira

et al. 2015

Nutrition and Cancer

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“…Indeed, nitric oxide (NO) produced during nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-mediated metabolism of Arg to citrulline plays a key role in inflammatory processes while ornithine being formed from Arg through arginase is a precursor for polyamines and proline, both being involved in tissue repair and cell proliferation (Rath et al 2014). Oral Arg supplementation has been shown to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response (Tan et al 2014) and to decrease bacterial translocation in the intestine in animal models (Quirino et al 2013). However, whether an oral supplementation of Arg possesses protective effects against the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not yet been clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral arginine supplementation protects female mice from the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

et al. 2017

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Dietary arginine (Arg) supplementation has been proposed to have positive effects on the development of liver diseases. In the present study, we investigate if an oral Arg supplementation in diet protects mice fed a fructose, fat and cholesterol enriched Western-style diet (WSD) from the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a liquid control diet or a liquid WSD ± Arg (2.49 g/kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks. Indices of liver injury, glucose metabolism and intestinal permeability were determined. While Arg supplementation had no effects on body weight gain, fasting blood glucose levels were significantly lower in WSD+Arg-fed mice than in C+Arg-fed animals. WSD-fed mice developed liver steatosis accompanied with inflammation, both being significantly attenuated in WSD+Arg-fed mice. These effects of Arg supplementation went along with a protection against WSD-induced decreased tight junction protein levels in the upper parts of the small intestine, increased levels of bacterial endotoxin in portal plasma as well as increased hepatic toll-like receptor-4 mRNA and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct levels. In conclusion, Arg supplementation may protect mice from the development of NASH.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00726-017-2423-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…As consequence, bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory occur [7][8][9] . Zanoni et al 10 proposed a model modification, adding ischemia to intestinal obstruction, by ligature of terminal ileum blood vessels (7 to 10 cm of extension), promoting bacterial translocation and inflammatory response.…”

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Bacterial translocation and mortality on rat model of intestinal ischemia and obstruction

et al. 2017

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Purpose: To develop an experimental model of intestinal ischemia and obstruction followed by surgical resection of the damaged segment and reestablishment of intestinal transit, looking at bacterial translocation and survival. Methods: After anesthesia, Wistar rats was subject to laparotomy, intestinal ischemia and obstruction through an ileal ligature 1.5cm of ileum cecal valve; and the mesenteric vessels that irrigate upstream of the obstruction site to approximately 7 to 10 cm were ligated. Abdominal wall was closed. Three, six or twenty-four hours after, rats were subject to enterectomy followed by an end to end anastomosis. After 24h, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen and lung tissues were surgically removed. It was studied survival rate and bacterial translocation. GraphPadPrism statistical program was used. Results: Animals with intestinal ischemia and obstruction for 3 hours survived 24 hours after enterectomy; 6hx24h: survival was 70% at 24 hours; 24hx24h: survival was 70% and 40%, before and after enterectomy, respectively. Culture of tissues showed positivity on the 6hx24h and negativity on the 3hx24h. Conclusion: The model that best approached the clinic was the one of 6x24h of ischemia and intestinal obstruction, in which it was observed bacterial translocation and low mortality rate.

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The Role of L‐Arginine and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Intestinal Permeability and Bacterial Translocation

Abstract: Arginine supplementation and synthesis of NO by iNOS are important factors in decreasing bacterial translocation. However, when intestinal permeability was considered, NO had a detrimental role.

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

L-Arginine Pretreatment Reduces Intestinal Mucositis as Induced by 5-FU in Mice

L-Arginine Pretreatment Reduces Intestinal Mucositis as Induced by 5-FU in Mice

Oral arginine supplementation protects female mice from the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Bacterial translocation and mortality on rat model of intestinal ischemia and obstruction

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