The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review

Borowczak, Jędrzej; Szczerbowski, Krzysztof; Maniewski, Mateusz; Kowalewski, Adam; Janiczek-Polewska, Marlena; Szylberg, Anna; Marszałek, Andrzej; Szylberg, Łukasz

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071670

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 245 publications

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“…Studies have shown that host immunity failed to produce a satisfactory antitumor immune response in most patients with CRC, which indicated that there is a mechanism of immune escape in CRC. 53 There are different subsets of T regulatory cells (Tregs), orchestrating critical roles in the regulation of antitumor immunity in CRC. Among them, forkhead box protein-3 ( + ) regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Tregs) could regulate the antitumor immune response and inhibit the activity of cytotoxic T cells.…”

Section: Relationship Between Intestinal Immune Microenvironment and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of Intestinal Microecology in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinogenesis

Zhang

Azami

Liu

et al. 2023

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Colorectal adenoma is a precancerous lesion that may progress to colorectal cancer. Patients with colorectal adenoma had a 4-fold higher risk of developing colorectal malignancy than the rest of the population, with approximately 80% of colorectal cancer originating from colorectal adenoma. Therefore, preventing the occurrence and progression of colorectal adenoma is crucial in reducing the risk for colorectal cancer. The human intestinal microecology is a complex system consisting of numerous microbial communities with a sophisticated structure. Interactions among intestinal microorganisms play crucial roles in maintaining normal intestinal structure, digestion, absorption, metabolism, and other functions. The colorectal system is the largest microbial bank or fermentation system in the human body. Studies suggest that intestinal microecological imbalance, one of the most important environmental factors, may play an essential role in the occurrence and development of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer. Based on the complexity of studying the gut microbiota ecosystem, its specific role in the occurrence and development of colorectal adenoma is yet to be elucidated. In addition, further studies are expected to provide new insights regarding the prevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma. This article reviews the relationship and mechanism of the diversity of the gut microbiota, the relevant inflammatory response, immune regulation, and metabolic changes in the presence of colorectal adenomas.

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Section: Relationship Between Intestinal Immune Microenvironment and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of Intestinal Microecology in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinogenesis

Zhang

Azami

Liu

et al. 2023

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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“…Cytokines have been shown to play a key role in CRC stemness. It was reported that TME-derived factors with a pro-inflammatory action such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β foster EMT phenotype and stem cell proliferation in human colon cancer cells[ 45 , 46 ]. Besides, it is known that CAFs, one of the most studied cells in the TME, produce IL-6, which promotes the expression of CCSC markers such as ALDH1 and LGR5[ 1 , 47 ].…”

Section: Influence Of the Tme On Ccsc Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the interplay among the tumor microenvironment and the gut microbiota influences the stemness of colorectal cancer cells

Díaz¹,

Carriere²,

Gentili³

2023

World J Stem Cells

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most prevalent cancer disease and involves a multi-step process in which intestinal cells acquire malignant characteristics. It is well established that the appearance of distal metastasis in CRC patients is the cause of a poor prognosis and treatment failure. Nevertheless, in the last decades, CRC aggressiveness and progression have been attributed to a specific cell population called CRC stem cells (CCSC) with features like tumor initiation capacity, self-renewal capacity, and acquired multidrug resistance. Emerging data highlight the concept of this cell subtype as a plastic entity that has a dynamic status and can be originated from different types of cells through genetic and epigenetic changes. These alterations are modulated by complex and dynamic crosstalk with environmental factors by paracrine signaling. It is known that in the tumor niche, different cell types, structures, and biomolecules coexist and interact with cancer cells favoring cancer growth and development. Together, these components constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most recently, researchers have also deepened the influence of the complex variety of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal mucosa, collectively known as gut microbiota, on CRC. Both TME and microorganisms participate in inflammatory processes that can drive the initiation and evolution of CRC. Since in the last decade, crucial advances have been made concerning to the synergistic interaction among the TME and gut microorganisms that condition the identity of CCSC, the data exposed in this review could provide valuable insights into the biology of CRC and the development of new targeted therapies.

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“…Inflammation, primarily chronic, and oxidative stress mediate different kinds of malignancies. Most of the studies on that correlation were collected from colon cancer patients who primarily have Crohn's disease (Monteleone et al, 2012;Klampfer L, 2011;Borowczak et al, 2022). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 or TNF-α play a key role in proliferative diseases, and their overproduction may change the tumour microenvironment and stimulate tumour development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine IL6, but not IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB is increased in paediatric cancer patients

Synakiewicz

Stanisławska-Sachadyn

Owczarzak

et al. 2023

Acta Biochim Pol

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Cytokines are responsible for maintaining homeostasis as cell growth, differentiation, migration and apoptosis mediators. They play a pivotal role in immune responses to inflammatory reactions. In oncological diseases, the cross-talk between cells of the immunological system and cells of the tumour microenvironment is led by cytokines. Also, the overproduction of cytokines may change the tumour microenvironment and stimulate tumour development and growth. To test whether pro-inflammatory cytokines or associated with them transcription factor levels are changed in a group of 53 paediatric cancer patients, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB were assessed and compared to measures in 25 healthy controls. Increased levels of IL-6 were found among patients in active oncological treatment (P=0.002) but not among patients whose treatment was completed. Our data suggest that IL6, but not IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB, is elevated as a result of the immune response in the microenvironment around the tumour and in blood cancers, among patients who were not infected at the time of blood collection. Thus, IL6 levels might serve as a potential biomarker of oncohematological diseases.

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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review

Cited by 32 publications

References 245 publications

Research Progress of Intestinal Microecology in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinogenesis

Research Progress of Intestinal Microecology in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinogenesis

How the interplay among the tumor microenvironment and the gut microbiota influences the stemness of colorectal cancer cells

Cytokine IL6, but not IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-κB is increased in paediatric cancer patients

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