The role of indigenous microorganisms in suppression of salmonella regrowth in composted biosolids

Sidhu, J. P. S.; Gibbs, R.A.; Ho, G.; Unkovich, I.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00352-3

Cited by 141 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…have been found in raw sludges (13), commercial compostbased products (36), and sewage sludge composts (22), which reflects the ability of this pathogen to survive in organic substrates even after composting. Although rapid inactivation of seeded Salmonella serovar Typhimurium has been described for composted biosolids (35), in the present study long-term survival (at least 3 months) of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis was observed in the stabilized composts sampled after 8 weeks of composting. Nevertheless, survival for only a short time was observed in the composts sampled during the thermophilic phase, after 1 week of composting.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

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Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Lemunier

Francou

Rousseaux

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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For economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. One approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. However, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. Experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. Four organic waste mixtures, containing various proportions of paper and cardboard, fruits and vegetables, and green waste, were composted in laboratory reactors with forced aeration. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were monitored for 12 weeks during composting. The survival of bacteria over a 3-month period at 25°C was assessed with samples collected after different experimental composting times. Strain survival was also monitored in mature sterilized composts. Nonsterile composts did not support pathogen growth, but survival of seeded pathogens was observed. Salmonella serovar Enteritidis survived in all composts, and longer survival (3 months) was observed in mature composts (8 and 12 weeks of composting). Mature biowaste composts may support long-term survival of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis during storage at room temperature. E. coli and L. monocytogenes survival was observed only in 4-week-old composts and never in older composts. Proper composting may prevent long-term survival of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. These results suggest that like composted sewage sludge or manure, domestic waste composts may support pathogen survival. Survival was not related to the physicochemical characteristics of the composts.The presence of pathogens in food and outbreaks of foodassociated diseases can be linked to the poor microbial quality of raw agricultural products (5, 9). Furthermore, the transfer of microbial pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, from amended soil to fresh agricultural products has been described (3,24,37). Composting is a time-honored biological treatment used for organic wastes; the resulting composts are useful in agriculture and horticulture for improving many soil attributes. However, microbial safety of organic amendments and fertilizers used in agriculture is required to prevent colonization by food-borne illness pathogens, like E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. (9). In order to reduce the likelihood of pathogen transfer from waste to fresh produce, several international standards for meeting pathogen limits through composting are available (14, 39). According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) standard, class A composts must not exceed maximal limits for either Salmonella spp. (less than 3 most probable numbers [MPN]/4 g) or thermotolerant coliforms (less than 1,000 MPN/g) (39). A draft of a forthcomin...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…However, persistence of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and nonpathogenic E. coli during composting (10-12) and survival of Salmonella spp. and nonpathogenic E. coli in mature composts have been reported (22,(34)(35)(36) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Lemunier

Francou

Rousseaux

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This confirms recent reports where growth of V. cholerae was observed at low environmental carbon concentrations (Mourino-Perez et al, 2003;Worden et al, 2006), whereas Salmonella sp. was reported to grow only under highly eutrophic conditions as found, for example, in greywater (Ottoson & Stenstrom, 2003) or in compost (Sidhu et al, 2001). Hence, S. typhimurium can be considered a strict copiotrophic enterobacterium unable to grow under environmental oligotrophic conditions (Winfield & Groisman, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa Eltor in freshwater

et al. 2007

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Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa Eltor was studied with a growth assay in which autoclaved and filtered (0.22 mm) freshwater was inoculated at low cell density (5¾10 3 cells ml "1 ) and proliferation was followed with flow cytometry. Against the common view, V. cholerae was able to grow extensively in different kinds of freshwater. The bacterium multiplied in river water, lake water and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant up to a cell density of 1.55¾10 6 cells ml "1 . In these samples, apparent assimilable organic carbon (AOC app ) concentrations ranged from 52 up to 800 mg l "1 and the results demonstrate a positive trend between the AOC app concentration and final cell concentration, suggesting that AOC was a key parameter governing growth of V. cholerae. No growth was observed in waters (tap and bottled drinking water) containing less than approximately 60 mg AOC app l "1 . When pure cultures of V. cholerae were grown on identical lake water at different temperatures (20, 25 and 30 6C) the maximum specific growth rates (m max ) achieved were 0.22 h "1 , 0.32 h "1 and 0.45 h "1 , respectively. In addition, growth was characterized in lake water samples amended with different concentrations of NaCl. The highest m max of V. cholerae was recorded at moderate salinity levels (5 g NaCl l "1 , m max 50.84 h "1 ), whereas at 30 g NaCl l "1 (m max 50.30 h "1 ) or 0 g NaCl l "1 (m max 50.40 h "1 ) specific growth rates were significantly reduced. In the water tested here, m max of V. cholerae was always around 50 % of that exhibited by a freshwater community of indigenous bacteria enriched from the water sampling site. Direct batch competition experiments between V. cholerae and the lake water bacterial community were performed at different temperatures in which V. cholerae was enumerated in the total community using fluorescent-surface antibodies. In all cases V. cholerae was able to grow and constituted around 10 % of the final total cell concentration of the community. No significant effect of temperature was observed on the outcome of the competition. Mathematical modelling of the competition at the different temperatures based on the calculated m max values confirmed these experimental observations. The results demonstrate that V. cholerae is not only able to survive, but also able to grow in freshwater samples. In these experiments the bacterium was able to use a large fraction (12-62 %) of the AOC app available to the bacterial AOC-test community, indicating that V. cholerae has the ability to gain access to the substrates present in freshwater even in competition with an autochthonous bacterial lake water consortium.

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“…It could be expected that temperature and the availability of substrates are the main factors. Sidhu et al (2000) showed that the overall population of bacteria declined with compost maturity.…”

Section: Coliforms Versus Time Of Co-composting Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the co-composting time extract agar to evaluate the microbial community changes during the co-composting of activated sludge and date palm waste

Fels

Ouhdouch

Hafidi

2015

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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The role of indigenous microorganisms in suppression of salmonella regrowth in composted biosolids

Cited by 141 publications

References 13 publications

Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa Eltor in freshwater

Use of the co-composting time extract agar to evaluate the microbial community changes during the co-composting of activated sludge and date palm waste

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