The Role of ICT in Modulating the Effect of Education and Lifelong Learning on Income Inequality and Economic Growth in Africa

Tchamyou, Vanessa S.; Asongu, Simplice A.; Odhiambo, Nicholas M.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3447940

Cited by 82 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The choice of the estimation approach is consistent with the attendant literature on the need for an empirical strategy to be consistent with the behavior of the corresponding data and problem statement (Kou, Lu, Peng & Shi, 2012;Kou, Peng & Wang, 2014;Kou, Ergu, Chen, Lin, 2016;Kou, Chao, Peng & Alsaadi, 2019a;Kou, Yang, Xiao, Chen & Alsaadi, 2019b;Tchamyou, Asongu & Odhiambo, 2019b). Given that the estimation technique is based on Hansen (1999Hansen ( , 2000 and (ii) the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) from Gonzalez, Terasvirta and van Dijk (2005) and Gonzalez, Terasvirta, van Dijk and Yang (2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The role of globalization in modulating the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development

Asongu

Odhiambo

2020

Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research

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This study assesses how globalisation modulates the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), using data for the period 2000 to 2012. The empirical results are based on the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The following main findings are established. First, a trade openness (imports + exports) threshold of between 80-120% of GDP is the maximum level required for trade openness to effectively modulate CO 2 emissions (metric tonnes per capita) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development. Second, a minimum threshold required for trade openness to modulate CO 2 intensity (kg per kg of oil-equivalent energy use) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development is 200% of GDP. Third, there is a net positive effect on inclusive human development from the relevance of trade openness in modulating the effect of CO 2 emissions per capita on inclusive human development and a negative net effect on inclusive human development from the importance of trade openness in moderating the effect of CO 2 intensity on inclusive human development. JEL Classification: C52; O38; O40; O55; P37

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The role of globalization in modulating the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development

Asongu

Odhiambo

2020

Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research

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“…It follows that the N(42)>T(11) condition for the employment of the GMM approach is fulfilled. Second, given that persistence is also a condition for the adoption of the GMM technique, we explore the nexuses between the identified inequality indicators and their first lags to confirm that the corresponding correlations are higher than the rule of thumb threshold of 0.800 used to ascertain the persistence of an outcome variable in the extant GMM and inequality literature (Tchamyou et al, 2019b). Accordingly, the study finds that the corresponding correlations for the Atkinson index, the Palma ratio and the Gini coefficient are respectively, 0.958, 0.964 and 0.918.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insurance and inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: policy thresholds

Asongu¹,

Odhiambo²

2019

Int Social Sci J

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In this study, we examine how insurance affects income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa, using data from 42 countries during the period 2004-2014. Three inequality variables are used, namely: the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio. Two insurance premiums are employed, namely: life insurance and non-life insurance. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Life insurance increases the Gini coefficient and increasing life insurance has a net positive effect on the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index. Non-life insurance reduces the Gini coefficient and increasing non-life insurance has a net positive effect on the Palma ratio. The analysis is extended to establish policy thresholds at which increasing insurance premiums completely dampen the net positive effects. From the extended analysis, 7.500 of life insurance premiums (% of GDP) is the critical mass required for life insurance to negatively affect inequality, while 0.855 of non-life insurance premiums (% of GDP) is the threshold required for non-life insurance to negatively affect inequality. Policy thresholds are provided at which insurance penetration decreases income inequality in sub-Saharan Africa.

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“…5 The use of the word "conditional" is generic and not specific to the choice of authors. This is essentially because estimates from interacted variables are considered as "conditional effects" in the standard literature on interactive regressions (Tchamyou, Asongu and Odhiambo, 2019a;Asongu and Odhiambo, 2020b). Moreover, as discussed prior to stating the hypothesis, the hypothesis on the positive conditional effect builds on the discussed literature on the role of ICT in reducing inequality.…”

Section: Figure 1: Inequality and Female Economic Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality and gender inclusion: Minimum ICT policy thresholds for promoting female employment in Sub-Saharan Africa

Asongu

Odhiambo

2020

Telecommunications Policy

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The study assesses how ICT modulates the effect of inequality on female economic participation in a panel of 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2004-2014. Three inequality indicators are used, namely: the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio. The adopted ICT indicators are mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. Three gender economic inclusion indicators are also used for the analysis, namely: female labour force participation, female unemployment and female employment. The Generalised Method of Moments is employed as empirical strategy. The findings show that enhancing ICT beyond certain thresholds is necessary for ICT to mitigate inequality in order to enhance gender economic participation. First, for female labour force participation, a minimum threshold of 165.714 mobile phone penetration per 100 people is required for the Palma ratio. Second, minimum ICT thresholds for the reduction of female unemployment are: (i) 87.783, 107.486 and 152.500 mobile phone penetration per 100 people for respectively, the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio; (ii) 39.618 internet penetration per 100 people for the Atkinson index and (iii) 4.500 fixed broadband subscriptions for the Palma ratio. Third, the corresponding ICT thresholds for the promotion of female employment are: (i) 120.369 and 85.533 mobile phone penetration per 100 people for respectively, the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index and (ii) 30.005 internet penetration per 100 people for the Gini coefficient. The established thresholds make economic sense and can be feasibly implemented by policy makers in order to induce favourable effects on gender economic inclusion dynamics.

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The Role of ICT in Modulating the Effect of Education and Lifelong Learning on Income Inequality and Economic Growth in Africa

Cited by 82 publications

References 46 publications

The role of globalization in modulating the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development

The role of globalization in modulating the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development

Insurance and inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: policy thresholds

Inequality and gender inclusion: Minimum ICT policy thresholds for promoting female employment in Sub-Saharan Africa

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