The Role of Gut, Vaginal, and Urinary Microbiome in Urinary Tract Infections: From Bench to Bedside

Meštrović, Tomislav; Matijašić, Mario; Perić, Mihaela; Paljetak, Hana Čipčić; Barešić, Anja; Verbanac, Donatella

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11010007

Cited by 94 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Firstly, the composition of microorganisms is often disturbed by influencing factors such as host age, BMI, and endocrine status. Meštrović T. et al (2020) have observed that vaginal flora is affected by intestinal flora. Furthermore, the sample size was insufficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Vaginal Microbiome Diversity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Wang

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects women. It can be accompanied by many clinical manifestations that can vary between individuals. Previous studies have found that there are specific changes in the intestinal flora of PCOS patients, and interventions to modify the intestinal flora can significantly improve the symptoms of PCOS. Women with PCOS have a higher incidence of vaginitis compared to healthy women. Few studies to-date have focused on investigating vaginal flora. Here, we aimed to explore distribution changes of the vaginal microbiome in PCOS patients. We recruited 42 PCOS patients (T-PCOS) and 24 healthy controls (T-control). 16s rRNA gene sequencing was used to sequence their vaginal microbiome. Normally, Lactobacillus was dominated in vaginal. Lactobacillus-dominated-type vaginal microbiome in T-PCOS and T-control (L-PCOS and L-control) and non-Lactobacillus-dominated-type vaginal microbiome in T-PCOS and T-control (N-PCOS and N-control) were analyzed separately. A total of 655 operational taxonomic units were detected in this sequencing, including 306 unique to T-PCOS, 202 unique to T-control, and 147 common between the two groups. At the genus level, Lactobacillus accounted for more than 70% of the total microbiome. Observed species (P = 0.021), Chao1 index (P = 0.020), and ACE index (P = 0.023) decreased significantly in L-PCOS. Principal component analysis showed no statistically significant differences among the subgroups. There were significant statistical differences in principal coordinate analysis in the Jaccard distance between the T-PCOS and T-control groups and between the L-PCOS and L-control groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size found that Enterococcus and Actinomycetes were significantly different in the T-PCOS group. Atopobium and Actinomyces were statistically significantly different in patients with L-PCOS and N-PCOS group, respectively. Environmental factor analysis found that Ezakiella was significantly negatively correlated with age, while Streptococcus was significantly negatively correlated with follicle stimulating hormone. There were statistically significant differences between PCOS patients and healthy women in the vaginal microbiome, regardless of the abundance of Lactobacillus. Alpha diversity of vaginal microbiome decreased markedly in PCOS patients when it was dominated by Lactobacillus spp. Actinomyces could be a potential biomarker to identify PCOS. Streptococcus may have an impact on the pathological changes in PCOS by affecting the female reproductive endocrine environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Vaginal Microbiome Diversity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Wang

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Most of these studies are done from UTI patients and obtain similar organisms from gut, vaginal, or urethral flora. This occurs as the gut flora colonizes the urethra and then the organism ascends in a retrograde manner from the urethra, thereby causing UTI [ 26 ]. In this study, we found similar Enterococcus species of organism from the vaginal discharge and urine isolate in three patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Producing Enterococcus Isolates from Vaginal Microbiota

et al. 2021

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Background: Enterococcus is an important cause of infection in the hospital as well as in the community. Methods: A prospective study was done in Medical College, Kolkata for a period of 2 years (from January 2018 to December 2019). After obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Enterococcus isolates from cases of vaginitis were included in the study. Identification of Enterococcus species was done by Gram stain and conventional biochemical tests along with automated identification by VITEK 2 Compact. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to different antibiotics by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by VITEK 2 Compact. Interpretation of susceptibility was done according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2017 guidelines. Biofilm detection for Enterococcus species was done. Results: During the period of 2 years, 39 isolates of Enterococcus spp. were obtained from vaginitis cases. Among these, 27 were Enterococcus faecalis and 12 Enterococcus faecium. All isolates were highly susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid. Biofilm was detected in eight isolates of which five were strong biofilm producer and three moderate biofilm producers. Conclusion: Biofilm production is an important virulence factor in Enterococcus isolates from vaginitis.

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“…Auch spielt das vaginale Milieu eine zentrale Rolle und bildet mit dem Darm als Ursprung auch fakultativ pathogener Erreger eine entscheidende Achse in der Pathogenese weiblicher HWI [ 2 ]. Ein bidirektionaler Austausch von Darm und urogenitalem Mikrobiom ist somit entscheidend zum Verständnis und der Prävention rHWI [ 30 ].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Mikrobiomanalyse der Harnblase und probiotische Therapieoptionen bei Frauen mit rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfektionen

Schiereck

Yeldan

Kranz

et al. 2021

Urologe

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Um die Frequenz rezidivierender Harnwegsinfektionen (rHWI) und die damit verbundene fortwährende Zunahme multiresistenter Uropathogene zu reduzieren, werden neuartige Präventionsmaßnahmen und Therapieansätze benötigt. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die aktuell verfügbare Evidenz über das Mikrobiom der Harnblase gesunder Frauen und solcher mit rHWI systematisch zu präsentieren. Außerdem werden relevante Studien zur Wirksamkeit von Probiotika bei rHWI strukturiert dargestellt. Hierdurch soll der gegenwärtige Stand der Forschung und ein Ausblick auf eine Therapie abseits der üblichen antimikrobiellen Behandlungsoptionen gegeben werden.

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The Role of Gut, Vaginal, and Urinary Microbiome in Urinary Tract Infections: From Bench to Bedside

Cited by 94 publications

References 95 publications

Changes in Vaginal Microbiome Diversity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Changes in Vaginal Microbiome Diversity in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Biofilm Producing Enterococcus Isolates from Vaginal Microbiota

Mikrobiomanalyse der Harnblase und probiotische Therapieoptionen bei Frauen mit rezidivierenden Harnwegsinfektionen

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