The Role of Glia in the Neuroendocrine Hypothalamus: Possible Implications in Hormone Secretion

Chowen, Julie A.; Argente, Jesús; Busiguina, S.; Garcia-Segura, Luis Miguel

doi:10.1159/000184821

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These astrocytes express GFAP and/or vimentin/S100␤ (Mercier and Hatton, 2000). The role of glia in neuroendocrine secretion also has been suggested by Chowen et al (1996). Horner et al (2000) recently reported that the majority of dividing progenitor cells of the adult spinal cord resides in the outer circumference (subpial zone).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Cx26 In the Meninges And In Subpial And Subepementioning

confidence: 85%

Connexin 26 and basic fibroblast growth factor are expressed primarily in the subpial and subependymal layers in adult brain parenchyma: Roles in stem cell proliferation and morphological plasticity?

Mercier

Hatton

2001

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The gap junction protein connexin 26 (Cx26) has been detected previously in the parenchyma of the developing brain and in the developing and adult meninges, but there is no clear evidence for the presence of this connexin in adult brain parenchyma. Confocal mapping of Cx26 through serial sections of the meningeal-intact rat brain with four antibodies revealed an intense Cx26 immunoreactivity in both parenchyma and extraparenchyma. In the extraparenchyma, a continuum of Cx26-immunoreactive puncta was observed throughout the three meningeal layers, the perineurium of cranial nerves, and meningeal projections into the brain, including sheaths of blood vessels and stroma of the choroid plexus. In the parenchyma, Cx26-immunoreactive puncta were located primarily in subependymal, subpial, and perivascular zones and were associated primarily with glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP+) astrocytes, the nuclei of which are strongly immunoreactive for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Although it was found to a lesser extent than in astrocytes, bFGF immunoreactivity also was intense in the nuclei of meningeal fibroblasts. In addition, we have found a close correlation between the distribution of Cx26 and vimentin immunoreactivities in the meninges and their projections into the brain. We previously showed vimentin and S100beta immunoreactivities through a network of meningeal fibroblasts in the three layers of meninges, perivascular cells, and ependymocytes and in a population of astrocytes. The related topography of this network with GFAP+ astrocytes has also been demonstrated. Considering that connexin immunoreactivity may reflect the presence of functional gap junctions, the present results are consistent with our hypothesis that all of these various cell types may communicate in a cooperative network.

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Section: Prevalence Of Cx26 In the Meninges And In Subpial And Subepementioning

confidence: 85%

Connexin 26 and basic fibroblast growth factor are expressed primarily in the subpial and subependymal layers in adult brain parenchyma: Roles in stem cell proliferation and morphological plasticity?

Mercier

Hatton

2001

J. Comp. Neurol.

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“…The endocrine system and the nervous system are closely related with both neurons and glia contributing to the link between two systems (Chowen et al, 1996 ; Garcia-Segura et al, 1996 ; Noda, 2015 ; Morita et al, 2019 ). In the adult central nervous system (CNS), thyroid dysfunction triggers psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression (Paschke et al, 1990 ; Suwalska et al, 2005 ; Gulseren et al, 2006 ), and patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have greater comorbid rates with hyperthyroidism (Chen et al, 2018 ; Zader et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Dendritic Spine Formation in the Hippocampus and Animal Behaviors in a Mouse Model of Hyperthyroidism

Niiyama

Kuroiwa

Yoshioka

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Thyroid hormones are critical for the regulation of development and differentiation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously reported the sex-dependent changes of glial morphology in the brain under the state of hyperthyroidism. Here, we examined sex-dependent changes in spine structure of granule neurons in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in male and female mice with hyperthyroidism. Using FIB/SEM (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy), three-dimensional reconstructed structures of dendritic spines in dentate granule cells were analyzed. Dendritic spine density in granule cells increased significantly in both male and female mice with hyperthyroidism. The decrease in spine volume was observed only in female mice. These findings suggest that hyperthyroidism induces the formation of spines with normal size in male mice but the formation of spines with small size in female mice. To evaluate an outcome of neuronal and previously observed glial changes, behavioral tests were performed. Male mice with hyperthyroidism showed increased locomotor activity in the open field test, while female mice showed elevated immobility time in the tail suspension test, reflecting depression-like behavior. Although direct link between changes in spine and behavioral modifications requires further analysis, our results may help to understand gender-dependent neurological and psychological symptoms observed in patients with hyperthyroidism.

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Possible Therapeutic Targets in Microglia

Нода

2014

Pathological Potential of Neuroglia

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The Role of Glia in the Neuroendocrine Hypothalamus: Possible Implications in Hormone Secretion

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Connexin 26 and basic fibroblast growth factor are expressed primarily in the subpial and subependymal layers in adult brain parenchyma: Roles in stem cell proliferation and morphological plasticity?

Connexin 26 and basic fibroblast growth factor are expressed primarily in the subpial and subependymal layers in adult brain parenchyma: Roles in stem cell proliferation and morphological plasticity?

Sex Differences in Dendritic Spine Formation in the Hippocampus and Animal Behaviors in a Mouse Model of Hyperthyroidism

Possible Therapeutic Targets in Microglia

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