The role of cold cues at different life stages on germination and flowering phenology

Rubin, Matthew J.; Friedman, Jannice

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1055

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…However, the optimal response to temperature cues may vary with climate among populations. Although clinal within‐species variation in dormancy and germination traits is often reported (Montesinos‐Navarro et al., ; Vidigal et al., ; Barga et al., ; Fernández‐Pascual et al., ; Hernández et al., ; López et al., ), fewer studies have examined intraspecific variation in seed chilling responses, particularly across climatic gradients (Cavieres and Arroyo, ; Debieu et al., ; Rubin and Friedman, ). Our results demonstrate extensive variation in stratification (chilling) requirements and ambient temperature responses in S. tortuosus populations across elevation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the seasonal germination niche across an elevational gradient: the role of germination cueing in current and future climates

Gremer

Chiono

Suglia

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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Premise The timing of germination has profound impacts on fitness, population dynamics, and species ranges. Many plants have evolved responses to seasonal environmental cues to time germination with favorable conditions; these responses interact with temporal variation in local climate to drive the seasonal climate niche and may reflect local adaptation. Here, we examined germination responses to temperature cues in Streptanthus tortuosus populations across an elevational gradient. Methods Using common garden experiments, we evaluated differences among populations in response to cold stratification (chilling) and germination temperature and related them to observed germination phenology in the field. We then explored how these responses relate to past climate at each site and the implications of those patterns under future climate change. Results Populations from high elevations had stronger stratification requirements for germination and narrower temperature ranges for germination without stratification. Differences in germination responses corresponded with elevation and variability in seasonal temperature and precipitation across populations. Further, they corresponded with germination phenology in the field; low‐elevation populations germinated in the fall without chilling, whereas high‐elevation populations germinated after winter chilling and snowmelt in spring and summer. Climate‐change forecasts indicate increasing temperatures and decreasing snowpack, which will likely alter germination cues and timing, particularly for high‐elevation populations. Conclusions The seasonal germination niche for S. tortuosus is highly influenced by temperature and varies across the elevational gradient. Climate change will likely affect germination timing, which may cascade to influence trait expression, fitness, and population persistence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the seasonal germination niche across an elevational gradient: the role of germination cueing in current and future climates

Gremer

Chiono

Suglia

et al. 2020

American J of Botany

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“…Annual populations reproduce exclusively via seeds, by which plants make showy bee‐pollinated flowers that can each contain hundreds of ovules that develop into seeds. Previous research on 23 populations of M. guttatus demonstrated that germination occurs with or without stratification and suggests that both annuals and perennials can germinate in either the fall or spring (Rubin & Friedman, ). For this study, we used a single annual population (SKZ) located near Skutz Falls in Cowichan River Provincial Park, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada (48°46′955″N, 123°57′173″W).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar variation in life cycle has been demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana , mostly segregating between populations, but there is also some evidence for polymorphic strategies within populations (Kronholm et al ., ; Montesinos‐Navarro et al ., ; Burghardt et al ., ). However, unlike A. thaliana , there is no clear geographic pattern associated with dormancy in M. guttatus (Rubin & Friedman, ), suggesting that small‐scale environmental heterogeneity might be important in maintaining strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental heterogeneity generates intrapopulation variation in life‐history traits in an annual plant

2019

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Environmental variation affects a plant's life cycle by influencing the timing of germination and flowering, and the duration of the growing season. Yet we know little information about how environmental heterogeneity generates variation in germination schedules and the consequences for growth and fecundity through genetic and plastic responses.We use an annual population of Mimulus guttatus in which, in nature, seeds germinate in both fall and spring. We investigate whether there is a genetic basis to the timing of germination, the effect of germination timing on fecundity, and if growth and flowering respond plastically to compensate for different season lengths.Using sibling families grown in simulated seasonal conditions, we find that families do not differ in their propensity to germinate between seasons. However, the germination season affects subsequent growth and flowering time, with significant genotype-by-environment interactions (G 9 E). Most G 9 E is due to unequal variance between seasons, because the spring cohort harbours little genetic variance. Despite their different season lengths, the cohorts do not differ in flower number (fecundity).Heterogeneous environments with unpredictable risks may maintain promiscuous germination, which then affects flowering time. Therefore, if selection at particular life stages changes with climate change, there may be consequences for the entire life cycle.

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“…The Mimulus guttatus species complex (section Simiolus, DC, Phrymaceae) comprises about a dozen closely related species that inhabit a broad altitudinal range across the Pacific Northwest and exhibit substantial variation in life-history [31]. Considerable effort has been made to characterize lifehistory in this group, particularly within or between annual species [15,23,[32][33][34][35][36], and between annuals and perennials [5,24,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Little is known about life-history divergence among perennials in this group, although they account for a sizable fraction of species and inhabit ecologically unique habitat relative to annuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic architecture and evolution of life-history divergence among perennials in theMimulus guttatusspecies complex

2021

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Ecological divergence is a fundamental source of phenotypic diversity between closely related species, yet the genetic architecture of most ecologically relevant traits is poorly understood. Differences in elevation can impose substantial divergent selection on both complex, correlated suites of traits (such as life-history), as well as novel adaptations. We use the Mimulus guttatus species complex to assess if the divergence in elevation is accompanied by trait divergence in a group of closely related perennials and determine the genetic architecture of this divergence. We find that divergence in elevation is associated with differences in life-history, as well as a unique trait, the production of rhizomes. The divergence between two perennials is largely explained by few mid-to-large effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). However, the presence of QTLs with correlated, but opposing effects on multiple traits leads to some hybrids with transgressive trait combinations. Lastly, we find that the genetic architecture of the ability to produce rhizomes changes through development, wherein most hybrids produce rhizomes, but only later in development. Our results suggest that elevational differences may shape life-history divergence between perennials, but aspects of the genetic architecture of divergence may have implications for hybrid fitness in nature.

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The role of cold cues at different life stages on germination and flowering phenology

Cited by 15 publications

References 90 publications

Variation in the seasonal germination niche across an elevational gradient: the role of germination cueing in current and future climates

Variation in the seasonal germination niche across an elevational gradient: the role of germination cueing in current and future climates

Environmental heterogeneity generates intrapopulation variation in life‐history traits in an annual plant

The genetic architecture and evolution of life-history divergence among perennials in theMimulus guttatusspecies complex

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