The role of cognitive rehabilitation in limbic encephalitis

Corallo, Francesco; Buono, Viviana Lo; Cara, Marcella Di; Salvo, Simona De; Formica, Caterina; Morabito, Rosa; Floridia, Daniela; Pastura, C.; Rifici, Carmela; D’Aleo, Giangaetano; Sessa, Edoardo; Bramantı, Placido; Marıno, Silvia

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013223

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive impairment is a prominent and consistent feature observed in autoimmune encephalitis [ 16 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. It is important to note that even in the presence of striking neuropsychiatric symptoms like psychosis, mild forms of cognitive dysfunction can go unnoticed [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Cognitive impairment in autoimmune encephalitis encompasses a range of deficits, including problems with memory, language, executive functions, sustained attention, and apraxia (difficulties with coordinating voluntary movements) [ 16 , 22 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune Encephalitis—A Multifaceted Pathology

Neațu,

Jugurt,

Covaliu

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Autoimmune encephalitis is a complex and multifaceted pathology that involves immune-mediated inflammation of the brain. It is characterized by the body’s immune system attacking the brain tissue, leading to a cascade of inflammatory processes. What makes autoimmune encephalitis vast is the wide range of causes, mechanisms, clinical presentations, and diagnostic challenges associated with the condition. The clinical presentations of autoimmune encephalitis are broad and can mimic other neurological disorders, making it a challenging differential diagnosis. This diverse clinical presentation can overlap with other conditions, making it crucial for healthcare professionals to maintain a high level of suspicion for autoimmune encephalitis when evaluating patients. The diagnostic challenges associated with autoimmune encephalitis further contribute to its vastness. Due to the variable nature of the condition, there is no definitive diagnostic test that can confirm autoimmune encephalitis in all cases. In this context, personalized patient management is crucial for achieving favorable outcomes. Each patient’s treatment plan should be tailored to their specific clinical presentation, underlying cause, and immune response. Our objective is to raise awareness about the frequent yet underdiagnosed nature of autoimmune encephalitis by sharing five cases we encountered, along with a brief literature review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Encephalitis—A Multifaceted Pathology

Neațu,

Jugurt,

Covaliu

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 Other symptoms associated with LE include confusion, seizures, apathy, panic, myoclonus and frontal behavioural symptoms, such as irritability, personality change and disinhibition. 10 This current case report describes a patient with seronegative LE that presented 2 months after the onset of the disease with symptoms of severe autobiographical amnesia and a deficit in emotional face recognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…9 Other symptoms associated with LE include confusion, seizures, apathy, panic, myoclonus and frontal behavioural symptoms, such as irritability, personality change and disinhibition. 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological implication in possible antibody-negative limbic encephalitis: a clinical case report

et al. 2022

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Autoimmune limbic encephalitis is an antibody-mediated brain inflammatory process, which typically involves the medial temporal lobe. Diagnosis requires the presence of antineuronal antibodies, but sometimes patients present clinical features of limbic encephalitis despite negative serology. Thus, the diagnosis of antibody-negative limbic encephalitis is difficult to make, and it must often rely largely on exclusion of other causes. This current case report describes a 28-year-old male that presented 2 months after the acute event with radiological changes typical of limbic encephalitis, but with no identifiable antibody and neuropsychological impairment. Antibody responses to neurotropic viruses and antibody-mediated encephalitis were negative in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of hyperintensity in the hippocampus bilaterally, amygdala and left pulvinar. The neuropsychological evaluation showed a deficit in emotional face recognition and severe autobiographical amnesia. Bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobe and hippocampus, including the amygdala, is associated with alterations in autobiographical memories. The neuropsychological impairment documented in this current case expands the range of clinical features of antibody-negative encephalitis and provides evidence that the memory deficit in this disorder is more extensive than was previously recognized.

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“…Some degree of cognitive impairment is the single most consistent finding in autoimmune encephalitis, such as those associated with autoantibodies targeting NMDAR, LGI-1, and GAD, among others [ 62 , 90 , 91 , 92 ]. However, mild forms of cognitive dysfunction can be overlooked in the presence of dramatic neuropsychiatric features such as psychosis, among others [ 93 ].…”

Section: Clinical Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Physician’s Guide to the Clinical Spectrum Diagnosis and Management

et al. 2022

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The rapidly expanding spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis in the last fifteen years is largely due to ongoing discovery of many neuronal autoantibodies. The diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis can be challenging due to the wide spectrum of clinical presentations, prevalence of psychiatric features that mimic primary psychiatric illnesses, frequent absence of diagnostic abnormalities on conventional brain MR-imaging, non-specific findings on EEG testing, and the lack of identified IgG class neuronal autoantibodies in blood or CSF in a subgroup of patients. Early recognition and treatment are paramount to improve outcomes and achieve complete recovery from these debilitating, occasionally life threatening, disorders. This review is aimed to provide primary care physicians and hospitalists who, together with neurologist and psychiatrists, are often the first port of call for individuals presenting with new-onset neuropsychiatric symptoms, with up-to-date data and evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders of suspected autoimmune origin.

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The role of cognitive rehabilitation in limbic encephalitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Autoimmune Encephalitis—A Multifaceted Pathology

Autoimmune Encephalitis—A Multifaceted Pathology

Neuropsychological implication in possible antibody-negative limbic encephalitis: a clinical case report

Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Physician’s Guide to the Clinical Spectrum Diagnosis and Management

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