The role of cognitive and metacognitive factors in non‐clinical paranoia and negative affect

Sellers, Rachel; Emsley, Richard; Wells, Adrian; Morrison, Anthony P.

doi:10.1111/papt.12154

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Although the outcomes of this study may have provided more nuanced results, the findings of the current article are in line with research using the ASQ, and the broader attributional styles literature. Negative affect (Sellers et al, 2018 ), threat sensitivity (Freeman, 2007 ), low self‐esteem (Bentall et al, 1994 ), and disruptions to interpersonal functioning (Hajdúk et al, 2019 ) have been related to paranoia pathology, and reflect important constructs for future studies to capture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The profile of unusual beliefs associated with metacognitive thinking and attributional styles

2022

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Cognitive interpretations of daily events may differ in people from the general population who hold unusual beliefs. It is also important to understand whether different belief profiles exist to appreciate which patterns of beliefs are less psychologically healthy. Cluster analysis was used to form unusual belief profiles in a general population sample (n = 578; Mage = 22 years, SD = 6.98; 80% female) across paranoid, paranormal, and magical ideation beliefs, and we assessed whether they differed in attribution style and metacognitive beliefs about worry. Four clusters were formed: low on all measures (low all); high on all measures (high all); comparably higher on paranormal beliefs (paranormal group); and comparably higher on paranoid beliefs (paranoid group). For total Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30, the high all and high paranoid clusters did not differ, and both clusters scored higher than the high paranormal group, who all scored higher than the low all cluster. For attributional styles (Attributional Styles Questionnaire), lower scores on internal positive attribution were found for the high all and high paranoid clusters compared to the low all and high paranormal clusters. The high paranormal cluster had higher scores than the high paranoid cluster on self‐serving bias. Differences in attributional style appeared to be driven by mental health diagnosis. Our results suggest different profiles of unusual beliefs are detectable in the general population that differ in their metacognitive beliefs and perceived causation of events in their environment. Future studies investigating delusional proneness need to consider multiple unusual beliefs as well as assessing mood state and distress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The profile of unusual beliefs associated with metacognitive thinking and attributional styles

2022

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“…At the end of our analysis, we came across the fact that-as conjecturedmany of the 18 most common EMSs, analyzed by the YSQ-SF3, were strongly associated with drunkorexia in its various aspects. These results were not surprising, owing to the fact that maladaptive cognitive schemas-concretized by a mode of selfdestructive fundamental relations and constituting a functional compensation for an unmet basic emotional need during childhood-are transfigured into a maladaptive, irrepressible, and incompetent defense mechanism if they are maintained to adulthood (Schenck, 2012). As a consequence, the individual would engage in toxic behaviors, seeking protection from any perception in front of which he/she recognizes himself unfit to cope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, emotional discomfort and schema activation can lead to maladaptive relationships with oneself and others (Young, 1999). Indeed, within the literature, negative cognitive schemas have been associated with a broad array of harmful mental health outcomes, namely negative affect and depressive/anxiety symptoms (Bredicean et al, 2020;Faustino et al, 2022;Sellers et al, 2018), and particularly among individuals with substance use disorders (Shorey et al, 2015). To illustrate, within our present study, six EMSs (i.e., emotional deprivation, subjugation, failure, abandonment, mistrust, and social isolation) showed significant positive statistical correlations with drunkorexia scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drunkorexia Among a Sample of Lebanese Adults: The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas

et al. 2022

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Background: Drunkorexia is a food and alcohol disturbance described as being a range of disordered and compensatory eating behaviors that co-occur with excessive alcohol consumption. The remarkable correlation, highlighted in the literature, between dysfunctional cognitions and both eating disorders and substance use disorders is able to emphasize that cognitive phenomena can be an intrapersonal factor linked to drunkorexia disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and drunkorexia among a sample of Lebanese adults. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study across all the Lebanese governorates (September-December 2020; N = 258). The Drunkorexia Motives and Behaviors Scales, Drunkorexia Fails Scale, Drunkorexia during an Alcohol Consumption Event Scale, and Post-Drinking Compensation Scale were used to assess drunkorexia, whereas the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form three was used to measure EMSs. Results: Emotional deprivation and subjugation were significantly associated with more drunkorexia motives, whereas emotional inhibition was significantly associated with less drunkorexia motives. Failure was significantly associated with more drunkorexia behaviors. Abandonment and mistrust were significantly associated with more drunkorexia fails, whereas unrelenting standards was significantly associated with less drunkorexia fails. Subjugation was significantly associated with more drunkorexia during alcohol consumption on events. Social isolation was significantly associated with more post-drinking compensation, whereas unrelenting standards was significantly associated with less post-drinking compensation. Conclusion: Our findings showed that drunkorexia is positively associated with EMSs, delineating as well the specific relationships between dysfunctional cognitive schemas and drunkorexia’s maladaptive behavioral aspects. They support the hypothesis that EMSs might play an important role in drunkorexia’s development and perpetuation. This study could therefore serve healthcare professionals for the cognitive approach of patients with concomitant alcohol misuse and eating disorders while emphasizing the value of cognitive-behavioral interventions—namely schema therapy.

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“…Delusional beliefs, such as paranoid ideas, have been documented as being linked with negative emotional states and unhelpful thinking patterns (Freeman, Garety, Kuipers, Fowler, & Bebbington, 2002). A recent study found that metacognitive beliefs may determine negative affective states in non-clinical paranoia (Sellers, Emsley, Wells, & Morrison, 2018). Another important element is the poor insight which is frequently reported in individuals with psychosis (Lincoln, L€ ullmann, & Rief, 2007) and constitutes a major obstacle for treatment (Lysaker, Vohs, Hillis, et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Practitioner Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale predict change in delusional beliefs?

et al. 2019

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The role of cognitive and metacognitive factors in non‐clinical paranoia and negative affect

Abstract: Metacognitive beliefs may be an important determinant of negative affect in the context of non-clinical paranoia. The consideration of both cognitive and metacognitive factors may be helpful when working with people with distressing paranoid ideas.

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

The profile of unusual beliefs associated with metacognitive thinking and attributional styles

The profile of unusual beliefs associated with metacognitive thinking and attributional styles

Drunkorexia Among a Sample of Lebanese Adults: The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas

Does the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale predict change in delusional beliefs?

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