The role of astroglia in Pb-exposed adult rat brain with respect to glutamate toxicity

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Evidence of Glial Effects of Cumulative Lead Exposure in the Adult Human Hippocampus

“…Largely from in vitro and animal work it is known that lead accumulation in the brain after exposure is preferentially in glia rather than in neurons (Lindahl et al 1999;Tiffany-Castiglioni et al 1989), and chronic lead exposure in rats has been found to induce astrogliosis in the hippocampus and cerebellum (Selvin-Testa et al 1994). The astroglial response to lead exposure may in fact be an initial attempt to protect neurons from injury (Struzynska et al 2005). Our results are consistent with these animal studies.…”

Exposure to As, Cd and Pb-mixture impairs myelin and axon development in rat brain, optic nerve and retina

“…Exposure to As (Zhao et al, 2012) and Pb (Struzynska et al, 2005) is reported to induce toxicity through altered glutamate metabolism in astrocytes. We uncovered that the MM group had a considerable reduction in the oligodendrocyte-GS activity, and an augmentation in the active caspase-3 in brain and O.N.…”

Long-term ingestion of reduced glutathione suppressed an accelerating effect of beef tallow diet on colon carcinogenesis in rats

“…In addition, several studies have suggested that non-enzymic antioxidants present in food, such as phenolic compounds, also act as chemopreventive agents by counteracting carcinogeninduced oxidative stress [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Reduced glutathione (c-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH), an antioxidant, protects cells from toxins such as free radicals [18]. In healthy cells and tissues, more than 90% of the total glutathione pool is in the reduced form (GSH), and less than 10% exists in the disulfide form (glutathione disulfide, GSSG), and an increased GSSG/GSH ratio is considered indicative of oxidative stress [18].…”

“…Reduced glutathione (c-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH), an antioxidant, protects cells from toxins such as free radicals [18]. In healthy cells and tissues, more than 90% of the total glutathione pool is in the reduced form (GSH), and less than 10% exists in the disulfide form (glutathione disulfide, GSSG), and an increased GSSG/GSH ratio is considered indicative of oxidative stress [18].…”