The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Density and Diversity on The Growth and Biomass of Corn and Sorghum Forage in Trapping Culture

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the absorption of nutrients in trapping culture and its effects on the growth and biomass production of corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum sp.). Soil samples with rhizosphere were collected from three different places: Bambusa sp., Cichorium intybus L., and Pinus merkusii. The density and genus of AMF spores were evaluated. AMF effectiveness was tested using six levels of rhizosphere and two species (corn and sorghum) of plants with a 2×6 factorial experiment with eight replications of each treatment. Six types of rhizospheres were: (i) bamboo rhizosphere (Bambusa sp.) (T1), (ii) control for T1 (C1), (iii) chicory rhizosphere (C. intybus L.) (T2), (iv) control for T2 (C2), (v) Pine rhizosphere (P. merkusii) (T3), and (vi) control for T3 (C3). The control treatment was derived from sterilized planting media. The results showed that the root rhizosphere of Bambusa sp. had more density and diversity of AMF spores than the root rhizosphere of C. intybus L. and P. merkusii. At the end of the trapping culture, the host plants sorghum and corn increased the density of spores in the carrier medium or propagules of the three rhizosphere types. The difference in the amount of initial AMF had a significant (p<0.05) effect on plant height, the number of leaves, and the biomass production of trapping plants. It can be concluded that more density and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores show higher growth and biomass of trapping plants.

Trap Culture and Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from Corn Roots in Tidal Swamps Using Several Host Plants

“…The trapping culture causes changes in spore type and increases spore density in soil samples from forest cloves (Mahulette et al, 2021). High spore density and arbuscular mycorrhizal spore colonization during trapping have led to increased growth and biomass of maize and sorghum host plants (Husein et al, 2022).…”

Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Sorgum bicolor pada Kultur Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) dengan Sistem Fertigasi dan Fortifikasi Nutrisi Berbeda

“…Menurut Guno et al (2021) jumlah daun semakin banyak dan tinggi tanaman semakin bertambah secara tidak langsung akan membantu penyerapan cahaya matahari untuk proses fotosintesis. Variasi jumlah daun antar perlakuan dapat terjadi mungkin dipengaruhi oleh jumlah mikoriza pada media tanam (Husein et al 2022).…”

“…Hormon auksin dan giberelin berfungsi untuk merangsang perkembangan akar yang mendukung peningkatan penyerapan unsur hara yang merangsang pertumbuhan primer melalui pembesaran dan pembelahan sel sehingga pada akhirnya meningkatkan tinggi tanaman maupun jumlah daun. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter tanaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi biomassa (Husein et al 2022).…”

“…Kematian spora dan pembentukan massa akar di area pot mempengaruhi jumlah simbiosis yang ada, mempengaruhi jumlah spora FMA yang berakhir di media atau propagul. Luas pertumbuhan dan lamanya tanaman berada di dalam pot juga berperan dalam pembentukan akar yang mengisi area pot (Husein et al 2022).…”

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Rhizosphere of Some Economic and Medicinal Crops in SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor, West Java

“…Soil conditions such as temperature, humidity and light intensity affect the density of AMF spores. Husein et al (2022) explain that an increase in soil temperature can increase the growth of external hyphae and the length of mycorrhizal-colonized root.…”