The Role of Additives for Diesel and Diesel Blended (Ethanol or Biodiesel) Fuels:  A Review

This research evaluated the performance of a diesel engine in an agricultural tractor, using Diesel S500 (B5) and mixture with 3% (ED3), 6% (ED6), 9% (ED9), 12% (ED12) and RESUMO Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o desempenho de um motor ciclo Diesel de um trator agrícola, utilizando óleo Diesel S500 (B5) e sua mistura com 3% (ED3), 6% (ED6), 9% (ED9), 12% (ED12) e 15% (ED15) de etanol hidratado. As variáveis

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“…Accordingly, biodiesel has been used as an additive to improve the solubility of ethanol in diesel oil (RIBEIRO et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of an agricultural engine using blends of diesel and ethanol

et al. 2016

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“…Oxygenated organic compounds have been proposed as alternative fuels to diesel in order to improve the fuel properties and reduce particulates and NO x emissions [1]. Methanol, which is the simplest alcohol, has been used in reformulated gasolines with significant success, and recently has also received attention for diesel engine applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Methanol Ignition and Oxidation at High Pressure

Aranda

Christensen

Alzueta

et al. 2013

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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A detailed chemical kinetic model for oxidation of CH 3 OH at high pressure and intermediate temperatures has been developed and validated experimentally. Ab initio calculations and RRKM analysis were used to obtain rate coefficients for key reactions of CH 2 OH and CH 3 O (dissociation, isomerization, reaction with O 2 ). The experiments, involving CH 3 OH/O 2 mixtures diluted in N 2 , were carried out in a high pressure flow reactor at 600-900 K and 20-100 bar, varying the reaction stoichiometry from very lean to fuel-rich conditions. Under the conditions studied, the onset temperature for methanol oxidation was not dependent on the stoichiometry, while increasing pressure shifted the ignition temperature towards lower values. Model predictions of the present experimental results, as well as Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) data from the literature, were generally satisfactory. The governing reaction pathways have been outlined based on calculations with the kinetic model. Unlike what has been observed for unsaturated hydrocarbons, the oxidation 2 pathways for CH 3 OH under the investigated conditions were very similar to those prevailing at higher temperatures and lower pressures. At the high pressures, the modeling predictions for onset of reaction were particularly sensitive to the CH 3 OH+HO 2 ⇌CH 2 OH+H 2 O 2 reaction.

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“…A utilização direta do etanol nos motores a Diesel exige mudanças na constituição do motor e utilização de aditivos para melhorar a ignição, neste último caso o próprio biodiesel pode ser utilizado como aditivo melhorador da miscibilidade de etanol no óleo diesel. 52,53 Porém, o uso de misturas diesel/etanol, mostra-se uma alternativa mais viável, necessitando de pouca ou nenhuma modificação nestes motores. O uso do etanol pode reduzir as emissões de CO, CO 2 , NO e NO 2 , com uma leve penalização do trabalho líquido do ciclo e aumento do consumo de combustível.…”

Section: Desafios Ambientaisunclassified

Química Sem Fronteiras: o desafio da energia

Rocha

Andrade

Guarieiro³

et al. 2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 25/7/13; aceito em 21/10/13; publicado na web em 01/11/2013 CHEMISTRY WITHOUT BORDERS: THE ENERGY CHALLENGES. Coal, natural gas and petroleum-based liquid fuels are still the most widely used energy sources in modern society. The current scenario contrasts with the foreseen shortage of petroleum that was spread out in the beginning of the XXI century, when the concept of "energy security" emerged as an urgent agenda to ensure a good balance between energy supply and demand. Much beyond protecting refineries and oil ducts from terrorist attacks, these issues soon developed to a portfolio of measures related to process sustainability, involving at least three fundamental dimensions: (a) the need for technological breakthroughs to improve energy production worldwide; (b) the improvement of energy efficiency in all sectors of modern society; and (c) the increase of the social perception that education is a key-word towards a better use of our energy resources. Together with these technological, economic or social issues, "energy security" is also strongly influenced by environmental issues involving greenhouse gas emissions, loss of biodiversity in environmentally sensitive areas, pollution and poor solid waste management. For these and other reasons, the implementation of more sustainable practices in our currently available industrial facilities and the search for alternative energy sources that could partly replace the fossil fuels became a major priority throughout the world. Regarding fossil fuels, the main technological bottlenecks are related to the exploitation of less accessible petroleum resources such as those in the pre-salt layer, ranging from the proper characterization of these deep-water oil reservoirs, the development of lighter and more efficient equipment for both exploration and exploitation, the optimization of the drilling techniques, the achievement of further improvements in production yields and the establishment of specialized training programs for the technical staff. The production of natural gas from shale is also emerging in several countries but its production in large scale has several problems ranging from the unavoidable environmental impact of shale mining as well as to the bad consequences of its large scale exploitation in the past. The large scale use of coal has similar environmental problems, which are aggravated by difficulties in its proper characterization. Also, the mitigation of harmful gases and particulate matter that are released as a result of combustion is still depending on the development of new gas cleaning technologies including more efficient catalysts to improve its emission profile. On the other hand, biofuels are still struggling to fulfill their role in reducing our high dependence on fossil fuels. Fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) from vegetable oils and ethanol from cane sucrose and corn starch are mature technologies whose market share is partially limited by the availability of their raw materials. For this reason, there has been a great ef...

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The Role of Additives for Diesel and Diesel Blended (Ethanol or Biodiesel) Fuels: A Review

Cited by 432 publications

References 99 publications

Performance of an agricultural engine using blends of diesel and ethanol

Performance of an agricultural engine using blends of diesel and ethanol

Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Methanol Ignition and Oxidation at High Pressure

Química Sem Fronteiras: o desafio da energia

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