The rhizosheath – a potential trait for future agricultural sustainability occurs in orders throughout the angiosperms

Brown, Lawrie; George, Timothy S.; Neugebauer, Konrad; White, Philip J.

doi:10.1007/s11104-017-3220-2

Cited by 106 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…Root exudates, including a great complexity of both low-and high-molecular-weight components, influence zones of soil at root surfaces known as rhizospheres (Baetz & Martinoia, 2014). Rhizosheaths could enable plants to sustain and increase nutrient and water uptake from the soil (Traore et al, 2000;Brown et al, 2017;Pang et al, 2017;Galloway et al, 2018). It is proposed that bioadhesive mucilage components of exudates are important factors, along with root hairs, in the formation of cylinders of soil around roots known as rhizosheaths.…”

Section: Root Exudates Bioengineer Rhizospheres For Sustained Resourcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is proposed that bioadhesive mucilage components of exudates are important factors, along with root hairs, in the formation of cylinders of soil around roots known as rhizosheaths. Rhizosheaths could enable plants to sustain and increase nutrient and water uptake from the soil (Traore et al, 2000;Brown et al, 2017;Pang et al, 2017;Galloway et al, 2018). Rhizosheath bioengineering by some grass species during periods of drought has been observed, where the grasses increased the thickness of their rhizosheaths (Hartnett et al, 2012).…”

Section: Root Exudates Bioengineer Rhizospheres For Sustained Resourcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sticky mucilages and exudates of plants: putative microenvironmental design elements with biotechnological value

2019

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Summary Plants produce a wide array of secretions both above and below ground. Known as mucilages or exudates, they are secreted by seeds, roots, leaves and stems and fulfil a variety of functions including adhesion, protection, nutrient acquisition and infection. Mucilages are generally polysaccharide‐rich and often occur in the form of viscoelastic gels and in many cases have adhesive properties. In some cases, progress is being made in understanding the structure–function relationships of mucilages such as for the secretions that allow growing ivy to attach to substrates and the biosynthesis and secretion of the mucilage compounds of the Arabidopsis seed coat. Work is just beginning towards understanding root mucilage and the proposed adhesive polymers involved in the formation of rhizosheaths at root surfaces and for the secretions involved in host plant infection by parasitic plants. In this article, we summarise knowledge on plant exudates and mucilages within the concept of their functions in microenvironmental design, focusing in particular on their bioadhesive functions and the molecules responsible for them. We draw attention to areas of future knowledge need, including the microstructure of mucilages and their compositional and regulatory dynamics.

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Section: Root Exudates Bioengineer Rhizospheres For Sustained Resourcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Root Exudates Bioengineer Rhizospheres For Sustained Resourcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sticky mucilages and exudates of plants: putative microenvironmental design elements with biotechnological value

2019

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“…For example, the P supply required for optimal growth of most plants can be toxic to plants adapted to soils with low P phytoavailability, such as the Proteaceae (Lambers et al ), calcicole and calcifuge species require markedly different Ca supply for optimal growth (White and Broadley ), the growth of plants that hyperaccumulate nutrients is often reduced when they are supplied in amounts that are sufficient for most other plants (White and Pongrac ), and the maximal growth of euhalophyte species requires a Na supply that inhibits the growth of other plant species (Greenway and Munns , White et al ). Growing plants in a standard soil or potting medium allows naturalistic interactions between roots and soil to be expressed, such as the exudation of organic compounds including phytosiderophores and carboxylates, acidification of the rhizosphere and formation of rhizosheaths, but can also constrain these interactions by influencing root‐soil interactions and the phytoavailability of nutrients and toxic elements (Delhaize et al , White , Oliveira et al , Brown et al ) and promote interactions with a predetermined community of microorganisms. Growing plants hydroponically allows the phytoavailability of nutrients to be controlled, but restricts the expression of physico‐chemical interactions between the root and rhizosphere and the composition of the nutrient solution (and plant species) must be chosen wisely to ensure that plant growth is not constrained by nutrient supply.…”

Section: The Functional Ionomementioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the angiosperm ionome

Neugebauer

Broadley

El‐Serehy

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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The ionome is defined as the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, organ or organism. The subset of the ionome comprising mineral nutrients is termed the functional ionome. A ‘standard functional ionome’ of leaves of an ‘average’ angiosperm, defined as the nutrient composition of leaves when growth is not limited by mineral nutrients, is presented and can be used to compare the effects of environment and genetics on plant nutrition. The leaf ionome of a plant is influenced by interactions between its environment and genetics. Examples of the effects of the environment on the leaf ionome are presented and the consequences of nutrient deficiencies on the leaf ionome are described. The physiological reasons for (1) allometric relationships between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and (2) linear relationships between leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations are explained. It is noted that strong phylogenetic effects on the mineral composition of leaves of angiosperm species are observed even when sampled from diverse environments. The evolutionary origins of traits including (1) the small calcium concentrations of Poales leaves, (2) the large magnesium concentrations of Caryophyllales leaves and (3) the large sulphur concentrations of Brassicales leaves are traced using phylogenetic relationships among angiosperm orders, families and genera. The rare evolution of hyperaccumulation of toxic elements in leaves of angiosperms is also described. Consequences of variation in the leaf ionome for ecology, mineral cycling in the environment, strategies for phytoremediation of contaminated land, sustainable agriculture and the nutrition of livestock and humans are discussed.

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“…There is an emerging consensus that rhizosheaths may have important beneficial characteristics that could contribute to agricultural sustainability in terms of water and nutrient dynamics Adu et al, 2017;Brown et al, 2017). The specific benefits of this will only fully emerge as we identify the key traits of the rhizosheaths in terms of specific functions (Bengough, 2012) and understand what, if any, environmental and plant factors impact on such development (Pang et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant roots redesign the rhizosphere to alter the three‐dimensional physical architecture and water dynamics

et al. 2018

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The mechanisms controlling the genesis of rhizosheaths are not well understood, despite their importance in controlling the flux of nutrients and water from soil to root. Here, we examine the development of rhizosheaths from drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive chickpea varieties; focusing on the three-dimensional characterization of the pore volume (> 16 μm voxel spatial resolution) obtained from X-ray microtomography, along with the characterization of mucilage and root hairs, and water sorption. We observe that drought-tolerant plants generate a larger diameter root, and a greater and more porous mass of rhizosheath, which also has a significantly increased water sorptivity, as compared with bulk soil. Using lattice Boltzmann simulations of soil permeability, we find that the root activity of both cultivars creates an anisotropic structure in the rhizosphere, in that its ability to conduct water in the radial direction is significantly higher than in the axial direction, especially in the drought-tolerant cultivar. We suggest that significant differences in rhizosheath architectures are sourced not only by changes in structure of the volumes, but also from root mucilage, and further suggest that breeding for rhizosheath architectures and function may be a potential future avenue for better designing crops in a changing environment.

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The rhizosheath – a potential trait for future agricultural sustainability occurs in orders throughout the angiosperms

Cited by 106 publications

References 50 publications

Sticky mucilages and exudates of plants: putative microenvironmental design elements with biotechnological value

Sticky mucilages and exudates of plants: putative microenvironmental design elements with biotechnological value

Variation in the angiosperm ionome

Plant roots redesign the rhizosphere to alter the three‐dimensional physical architecture and water dynamics

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