The Retina as a Window to the Brain

Regulation of neurogenesis and gliogenesis by the matricellular protein CCN2 in the mouse retina

“…The multitude of genes affected by CCN2 deletion suggests that CCN2 signals impacted global developmental pathways of retinogenesis. We found that Notch, Wnt, Shh, and Hippo YAP signaling pathways were specifically dysregulated in the retina upon CCN2 deletion in mice in line with the known functions of these pathways in nervous-system development (Dhillon and Dhillon, 2008). In retinal neuroblastic cells, CCN2 expression largely overlapped with that of YAP, the core component of the Hippo kinase signaling pathway.…”

Regulation of neurogenesis and gliogenesis by the matricellular protein CCN2 in the mouse retina

“…The multitude of genes affected by CCN2 deletion suggests that CCN2 signals impacted global developmental pathways of retinogenesis. We found that Notch, Wnt, Shh, and Hippo YAP signaling pathways were specifically dysregulated in the retina upon CCN2 deletion in mice in line with the known functions of these pathways in nervous-system development (Dhillon and Dhillon, 2008). In retinal neuroblastic cells, CCN2 expression largely overlapped with that of YAP, the core component of the Hippo kinase signaling pathway.…”

Electroretinographic anomalies in schizophrenia.

“…The nature of these relationships is not well understood at this point (i.e., whether they are causal and if so in which direction, or whether retinal and brain physiology changes are independent manifestations of the same genetic and/or other factors that affect the CNS). However, an emerging consensus in psychiatry and neuro-ophthalmology is that the retina provides a window into brain function that can be useful for understanding brain pathophysiology and for developing biomarkers of illness progression and possibly treatment response (Blokhuis et al, 2016; Chu, Kolappan, Barnes, Joyce, & Ron, 2012; Dhillon & Dhillon, 2008; Frohman et al, 2008; Hyett & Parker, 2013; Jindal, 2015; J. Lavoie et al, 2014; London, Benhar, & Schwartz, 2013; Msall, 2006; Roth, 2015; Schönfeldt-Lecuona et al, 2016; Silverstein & Rosen, 2015).…”

Bupropion for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults

“…Bioequivalence criteria included demonstration of equivalent delivery of the drug via the respective formulations when multiple doses were administered until steady state was achieved. Patients being converted from one formulation to another should be given the same daily dose that they are currently receiving (Dhillon 2008).…”

Regulation of neurogenesis and gliogenesis by the matricellular protein CCN2 in the mouse retina

“…The multitude of genes affected by CCN2 deletion suggests that CCN2 signals impacted global developmental pathways of retinogenesis. We found that Notch, Wnt, Shh, and Hippo YAP signaling pathways were specifically dysregulated in the retina upon CCN2 deletion in mice in line with the known functions of these pathways in nervous-system development (Dhillon and Dhillon, 2008). In retinal neuroblastic cells, CCN2 expression largely overlapped with that of YAP, the core component of the Hippo kinase signaling pathway.…”

Electroretinographic anomalies in schizophrenia.

“…The nature of these relationships is not well understood at this point (i.e., whether they are causal and if so in which direction, or whether retinal and brain physiology changes are independent manifestations of the same genetic and/or other factors that affect the CNS). However, an emerging consensus in psychiatry and neuro-ophthalmology is that the retina provides a window into brain function that can be useful for understanding brain pathophysiology and for developing biomarkers of illness progression and possibly treatment response (Blokhuis et al, 2016; Chu, Kolappan, Barnes, Joyce, & Ron, 2012; Dhillon & Dhillon, 2008; Frohman et al, 2008; Hyett & Parker, 2013; Jindal, 2015; J. Lavoie et al, 2014; London, Benhar, & Schwartz, 2013; Msall, 2006; Roth, 2015; Schönfeldt-Lecuona et al, 2016; Silverstein & Rosen, 2015).…”

Bupropion for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults

“…Bioequivalence criteria included demonstration of equivalent delivery of the drug via the respective formulations when multiple doses were administered until steady state was achieved. Patients being converted from one formulation to another should be given the same daily dose that they are currently receiving (Dhillon 2008).…”

Regulation of neurogenesis and gliogenesis by the matricellular protein CCN2 in the mouse retina

“…The multitude of genes affected by CCN2 deletion suggests that CCN2 signals impacted global developmental pathways of retinogenesis. We found that Notch, Wnt, Shh, and Hippo YAP signaling pathways were specifically dysregulated in the retina upon CCN2 deletion in mice in line with the known functions of these pathways in nervous-system development (Dhillon and Dhillon, 2008). In retinal neuroblastic cells, CCN2 expression largely overlapped with that of YAP, the core component of the Hippo kinase signaling pathway.…”

Electroretinographic anomalies in schizophrenia.

“…The nature of these relationships is not well understood at this point (i.e., whether they are causal and if so in which direction, or whether retinal and brain physiology changes are independent manifestations of the same genetic and/or other factors that affect the CNS). However, an emerging consensus in psychiatry and neuro-ophthalmology is that the retina provides a window into brain function that can be useful for understanding brain pathophysiology and for developing biomarkers of illness progression and possibly treatment response (Blokhuis et al, 2016; Chu, Kolappan, Barnes, Joyce, & Ron, 2012; Dhillon & Dhillon, 2008; Frohman et al, 2008; Hyett & Parker, 2013; Jindal, 2015; J. Lavoie et al, 2014; London, Benhar, & Schwartz, 2013; Msall, 2006; Roth, 2015; Schönfeldt-Lecuona et al, 2016; Silverstein & Rosen, 2015).…”

Bupropion for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults

“…Bioequivalence criteria included demonstration of equivalent delivery of the drug via the respective formulations when multiple doses were administered until steady state was achieved. Patients being converted from one formulation to another should be given the same daily dose that they are currently receiving (Dhillon 2008).…”