The response of the lactate minimum test to a 12-week swimming training

Campos, Eduardo Zapaterra; Nordsborg, Nikolai Baastrup; Silva, Adelino Sánchez Ramos da; Zagatto, Alessandro Moura; Neto, José Gerosa; Andrade, Vitor Luiz de; Papoti, Marcelo

doi:10.1590/s1980-65742014000300007

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Carter et al (1999) showed that the LMT is not sensitive to identify longitudinal effects of endurance training in sports students over 6 weeks, despite significant improvements in VO 2max . Similar to our results, three other studies found significant increases in the LM intensity, investigating elite and youth soccer players (da Silva et al, 2007; Miranda et al, 2013) and youth swimmers (Campos et al, 2014), supporting that the LMT can be performed to identify longitudinal training effects. Again, this is further supported by the high correlation of the two methods we used to determine MLSS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Training Intensity Distribution and Changes in Performance and Physiology of a 2nd Place Finisher Team of the Race across America Over a 6 Month Preparation Period

et al. 2016

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Aim: To monitor the training intensity distribution (TID) and the development of physiological and performance parameters.Methods: During their preparation period for the RAAM, 4 athletes (plus 1 additional backup racer) performed 3 testing sessions; one before, one after 3, and one after 6 months of training. VO2max, maximal rate of lactate accumulation (dLa/dtmax), critical power, power output at lactate minimum (MLSSP), peak and mean power output during a sprint test, heart rate recovery, isometric strength, jumping height, and body composition were determined. All training sessions were recorded with a power meter. The endurance TID was analyzed based on the time in zone approach, according to a classical 3-zone model, including all power data of training sessions, and a power specific 3-zone model, where time with power output below 50% of MLSSP was not considered.Results: The TID using the classical 3-zone model reflected a pyramidal TID (zone 1: 63 ± 16, zone 2: 28 ± 13 and zone 3: 9 ± 4%). The power specific 3-zone model resulted in a threshold-based TID (zone 1: 48 ± 13, zone 2: 39 ± 10, zone 3: 13 ± 4%). VO2max increased by 7.1 ± 5.3% (P = 0.06). dLa/dtmax decreased by 16.3 ± 8.1% (P = 0.03). Power output at lactate minimum and critical power increased by 10.3 ± 4.1 and 16.8 ± 6.2% (P = 0.01), respectively. No changes were found for strength parameters and jumps.Conclusion: The present study underlines that a threshold oriented TID results in only moderate increases in physiological parameters. The amount of training below 50% of MLSSp (~28% of total training time) is remarkably high. Researchers, trainers, and athletes should pay attention to the different ways of interpreting training power data, to gain realistic insights into the TID and the corresponding improvements in performance and physiological parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Training Intensity Distribution and Changes in Performance and Physiology of a 2nd Place Finisher Team of the Race across America Over a 6 Month Preparation Period

et al. 2016

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“…Despite the fact that several studies followed the original 8 min recovery (Bacon and Kern, 1999; Carter et al, 1999a,b, 2000; MacIntosh et al, 2002; Dantas De Luca et al, 2003; Ribeiro et al, 2003; Zagatto et al, 2004, 2013, 2014; Simões et al, 2005, 2009; Hiyane et al, 2006; Altimari et al, 2007, 2010; Azevedo et al, 2007; Silva et al, 2007; Pardono et al, 2008; Johnson et al, 2009; Johnson and Sharpe, 2011; Mota et al, 2011; Barbieri and Gobatto, 2013; Camargo et al, 2013; Mezzaroba and Machado, 2013; Miranda et al, 2013; Miyagi et al, 2013, 2015; Campos et al, 2014; Messias et al, 2015), a myriad of recovery manipulations is also observed, especially regarding the recovery type and intensity (Davison et al, 2000; Smith et al, 2002; Rotstein et al, 2007; Silva et al, 2007; Sotero et al, 2007, 2009, 2011; Knoepfli-Lenzin and Boutellier, 2011; Vicente-Campous et al, 2014; Browne et al, 2015). Some attention has been given to this phase due to its potential LMI influence.…”

Section: Can the Lmt Be Influenced By Methodological Aspects?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Is the LMI a valid parameter for monitoring longitudinal training effects? Here, we have a favorable discrepancy regarding the LMI effectiveness (Silva et al, 2007 ; Miranda et al, 2013 ; Campos et al, 2014 ); however, this perspective has hardly been criticized (Carter et al, 1999a ) and a balanced discussion around both sides is required. The last and debatable point is related to the relationship between the iMLSS and LMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Lactate Minimum Test: Concept, Methodological Aspects and Insights for Future Investigations in Human and Animal Models

et al. 2017

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In 1993, Uwe Tegtbur proposed a useful physiological protocol named the lactate minimum test (LMT). This test consists of three distinct phases. Firstly, subjects must perform high intensity efforts to induce hyperlactatemia (phase 1). Subsequently, 8 min of recovery are allowed for transposition of lactate from myocytes (for instance) to the bloodstream (phase 2). Right after the recovery, subjects are submitted to an incremental test until exhaustion (phase 3). The blood lactate concentration is expected to fall during the first stages of the incremental test and as the intensity increases in subsequent stages, to rise again forming a “U” shaped blood lactate kinetic. The minimum point of this curve, named the lactate minimum intensity (LMI), provides an estimation of the intensity that represents the balance between the appearance and clearance of arterial blood lactate, known as the maximal lactate steady state intensity (iMLSS). Furthermore, in addition to the iMLSS estimation, studies have also determined anaerobic parameters (e.g., peak, mean, and minimum force/power) during phase 1 and also the maximum oxygen consumption in phase 3; therefore, the LMT is considered a robust physiological protocol. Although, encouraging reports have been published in both human and animal models, there are still some controversies regarding three main factors: (1) the influence of methodological aspects on the LMT parameters; (2) LMT effectiveness for monitoring training effects; and (3) the LMI as a valid iMLSS estimator. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a balanced discussion between scientific evidence of the aforementioned issues, and insights for future investigations are suggested. In summary, further analyses is necessary to determine whether these factors are worthy, since the LMT is relevant in several contexts of health sciences.

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“…In addition, different populations including animals (Simões, Denadai, Baldissera, Campbell, & Hill, 2005;Simões, Campbell, Baldissera, Denadai, & Kokubun, 1998;Tegtbur et al, 1993;Tegtbur, Machold, Meyer, Storp, & Busse, 2001;Voltarelli, Gobatto, & de Mello, 2002;Zagatto et al, 2004), different ergometers (Carter, Jones, & Doust, 1999;MacIntosh, Esau, & Svedahl, 2002;Zagatto et al, 2004), environmental conditions (Pardono et al, 2009;Sotero et al, 2009;Tegtbur et al, 1993), and the use of mathematical equations (Simões et al, 2009) have also been used regarding this test. Furthermore, evidences have shown that the LMV protocol has sensitivity for the effects of aerobic training (Campos et al, 2014;Silva, Bonette, Santhiago, & Gobatto, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical velocity estimates lactate minimum velocity in youth runners

Browne

Sales

Sotero

et al. 2015

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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In order to investigate the validity of critical velocity (CV) as a noninvasive method to estimate the lactate minimum velocity (LMV), 25 youth runners underwent the following tests: 1) 3,000m running; 2) 1,600m running; 3) LMV test. The intensity of lactate minimum was defined as the velocity corresponding to the lowest blood lactate concentration during the LMV test. The CV was determined using the linear model, defined by the inclination of the regression line between distance and duration in the running tests of 1,600 and 3,000m. There was no significant difference (p=0.3055) between LMV and CV. In addition, both protocols presented a good agreement based on the small difference between means and the narrow levels of agreement, as well as a standard error of estimation classified as ideal. In conclusion, CV, as identified in this study, may be an alternative for noninvasive identification of LMV.

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The response of the lactate minimum test to a 12-week swimming training

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Training Intensity Distribution and Changes in Performance and Physiology of a 2nd Place Finisher Team of the Race across America Over a 6 Month Preparation Period

Training Intensity Distribution and Changes in Performance and Physiology of a 2nd Place Finisher Team of the Race across America Over a 6 Month Preparation Period

The Lactate Minimum Test: Concept, Methodological Aspects and Insights for Future Investigations in Human and Animal Models

Critical velocity estimates lactate minimum velocity in youth runners

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