The requirement for epimastigote attachment during division and metacyclogenesis in Trypanosoma congolense

Hendry, K. A. K.; Vickerman, K.

doi:10.1007/bf00535138

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This echoes the observations from in vitro studies where epimastigotes are reported to contract and shorten soon after attachment to the plastic substratum and then to lengthen after a few days [26,30,31]. In live trypanosomes the elongated posterior had a rigid appearance, contrasting with the fluid undulating motion of trypomastigotes (Additional file 6: Movie 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…EM studies show that attachment of T. congolense epimastigotes is via hemidesmosomes both in vitro and in vivo [20,22,29]. Comparison of shaken and unshaken cultures showed that attachment is not necessary for epimastigote division but is a prerequisite for differentiation into metacyclics [30]. The question whether the in vitro produced life cycle stages of T. congolense represent those produced in the fly has been addressed by comparison of morphology at the light and ultrastructural levels, and immunocytological analysis of the VSG coats of metacyclics [20,26,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The life cycle of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense in the tsetse fly

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe tsetse-transmitted African trypanosomes cause diseases of importance to the health of both humans and livestock. The life cycles of these trypanosomes in the fly were described in the last century, but comparatively few details are available for Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense, despite the fact that it is probably the most prevalent and widespread pathogenic species for livestock in tropical Africa. When the fly takes up bloodstream form trypanosomes, the initial establishment of midgut infection and invasion of the proventriculus is much the same in T. congolense and T. brucei. However, the developmental pathways subsequently diverge, with production of infective metacyclics in the proboscis for T. congolense and in the salivary glands for T. brucei. Whereas events during migration from the proventriculus are understood for T. brucei, knowledge of the corresponding developmental pathway in T. congolense is rudimentary. The recent publication of the genome sequence makes it timely to re-investigate the life cycle of T. congolense.MethodsExperimental tsetse flies were fed an initial bloodmeal containing T. congolense strain 1/148 and dissected 2 to 78 days later. Trypanosomes recovered from the midgut, proventriculus, proboscis and cibarium were fixed and stained for digital image analysis. Trypanosomes contained in spit samples from individually caged flies were analysed similarly. Mensural data from individual trypanosomes were subjected to principal components analysis.ResultsFlies were more susceptible to infection with T. congolense than T. brucei; a high proportion of flies infected with T. congolense established a midgut and subsequent proboscis infection, whereas many T. brucei infections were lost in the migration from foregut to salivary glands. In T. congolense, trypomastigotes ceased division in the proventriculus and became uniform in size. The trypanosomes retained trypomastigote morphology during migration via the foregut to the mouthparts and we confirmed that the trypomastigote-epimastigote transition occurred in the proboscis. We found no equivalent to the asymmetric division stage in T. brucei that mediates transition of proventricular trypomastigotes to epimastigotes. In T. congolense extremely long epimastigotes with remarkably elongated posterior ends were observed in both the proboscis and cibarium; no difference was found in the developmental stages in these two organs. Dividing trypomastigotes and epimastigotes were recovered from the proboscis, some of which were in transition from trypomastigote to epimastigote and vice versa. It remains uncertain whether these morphological transitions are mediated by cell division, since we also found non-dividing cells with a variously positioned, juxta-nuclear kinetoplast.ConclusionsWe have presented a detailed description of the life cycle of T. congolense in its tsetse fly vector. During development in the fly T. congolense shares a common migratory pathway with its close relative T. brucei, culminating in the production of small ...

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life cycle of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense in the tsetse fly

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The expertise and skills are needed for the study of small size individuals. This process takes long time, large numbers of individuals have to be examined to obtain data for each area, and the rate of infection of sand flies with Leishmana is generally low 0.01-1% [17].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandfly and Leishmaniasis: A Review

Ghazanfar¹,

Malik²

2016

J Ecosyst Ecogr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sandfly has a long history of association with humans, which still are suffering from its harmful impacts. It parasites humans and other animals and acts as a source of nuisance and annoyance to them. The present bibliographical study explains the role of Sandfly as a disease vector of Leishmaniasis. This article highlights various aspects of the life of the vector which includes its general description of morphology, biology, life cycle, and major control strategies. Regarding to control strategies of the vector, it was reviewed that chemical control is the most common and efficient technique but sensitivity to is decreasing due to increased insecticide resistance and environmental constraints. This article also highlights the different types of Leishmaniasis and symptoms, treatment, mortality rate and species diversity of Sandfly in Pakistan.

show abstract

“…Thus, throughout the tsetse stage of its life cycle T. brucei is in intimate contact with host tissue surfaces and exhibits an implicit requirement for sensing and signaling to guide parasite migration and differentiation. Currently, little is known about how surface contact modulates trypanosome behavior or motility [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Motility in African Trypanosomes

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African trypanosomes are devastating human and animal pathogens that cause significant human mortality and limit economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies of trypanosome biology generally consider these protozoan parasites as individual cells in suspension cultures or in animal models of infection. Here we report that the procyclic form of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei engages in social behavior when cultivated on semisolid agarose surfaces. This behavior is characterized by trypanosomes assembling into multicellular communities that engage in polarized migrations across the agarose surface and cooperate to divert their movements in response to external signals. These cooperative movements are flagellum-mediated, since they do not occur in trypanin knockdown parasites that lack normal flagellum motility. We term this behavior social motility based on features shared with social motility and other types of surface-induced social behavior in bacteria. Social motility represents a novel and unexpected aspect of trypanosome biology and offers new paradigms for considering host-parasite interactions.

show abstract

The requirement for epimastigote attachment during division and metacyclogenesis in Trypanosoma congolense

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

The life cycle of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense in the tsetse fly

The life cycle of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense in the tsetse fly

Sandfly and Leishmaniasis: A Review

Social Motility in African Trypanosomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About