The relative roles of the aortic and carotid sinus nerves in the rabbit in the control of respiration and circulation during arterial hypoxia and hypercapnia

Chalmers, John; Korner, Paul I.; White, Saxon William

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008148

Cited by 107 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is in keeping with the findings that, in the dog, the hemodynamic adjustments to hemorrhage are achieved predominantly by the carotid sinus baroreflex (20). By contrast, in the rabbit, the aortic receptors remain active at low blood pressure, indicating species variations in the behavior of the two baroreceptor areas (21,22). Whether the dissimilarity between the sinus and aortic reflexes of the dog reflects a difference in the receptors themselves or the fact that they are situated in vessels of different size and characteristics is not established.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Comparison of Afferent Activity of Canine Aortic and Sinus Nerves

Pelletier

Clément

Shepherd

1972

Circulation Research

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Pressure-dependent changes in afferent activity in the aortic and the sinus nerves were studied in 17 anesthetized dogs that were artificially ventilated with oxygen. Systemic arterial blood pressure was varied either continuously or in steps over the range of mean aortic blood pressure from 220 to 50 mm Hg with a pressurized reservoir connected to the abdominal aorta. Multifiber preparations from 20 aortic and 8 sinus nerves were used, and stimulusresponse curves were defined by measuring the mean impulse frequency at the various levels of pressure. Heart rate and pulse pressure were similar during recordings from both nerves. The two curves were S-shaped, with that for the aortic nerve being to the right of that for the sinus nerve. The change in activity was approximately linear from 200 to 120 mm Hg (mean aortic blood pressure) in the aortic nerve and from 180 to 80 mm Hg in the sinus nerve; there was no significant change in impulse frequency below mean blood pressures of 100 and 70 mm Hg, respectively. The threshold systolic blood pressure was 95 ± 3 (SE) mm Hg for the aortic receptors and 62 ± 4 mm Hg for the carotid sinus receptors. Thus, in the dog, the aortic baroreceptors are involved mainly in the control of high blood pressure, whereas at lower pressures the major control occurs through the carotid sinus baroreflex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Comparison of Afferent Activity of Canine Aortic and Sinus Nerves

Pelletier

Clément

Shepherd

1972

Circulation Research

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“…However, this depressant effect on ventilation can be demonstrated in subjects in whom the peripheral chemoreceptor response to hypoxia is blunted, e.g., as in native residents of high altitudes (10). A similar depressant effect of central nervous system hypoxia upon ventilation has also been demonstrated in unanesthetized dogs and goats in which the peripheral chemoreceptors have been denervated (11)(12)(13) (15). When considered in the light of the above observations by others, the present data suggest that patients with familial dysautonomia have a normal peripheral chemoreceptor response to hypoxia but an inordinate central depression of ventilation by hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effects of abnormal sympathetic nervous function upon the ventilatory response to hypoxia

Edelman¹,

Cherniack²,

Lahiri³

et al. 1970

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The ventilatory response to hypoxia was studied in two groups of subjects with abnormal sympathetic nervous control: (a) human subjects with familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome), and (b) unanesthetized goats treated with an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (phenoxybenzamine). The ventilatory response to hypoxia was evaluated in two ways: (a) from the slope of the relationship between ventilation and alveolar Pco, during the rebreathing of hypoxic and hyperoxic gases, and (b) from the change in ventilation produced when hypoxia was abruptly relieved.The ventilatory and circulatory responses of the unanesthetized, phenoxybenzamine-treated goats were qualitatively similar to those of dysautonomic patients. In contrast to the sustained stimulation of ventilation produced by hypoxia in normal subjects, hypoxia either did not change, or decreased, the VE-PAco, slope of dysautonomic patients and phenoxybenzamine-treated goats; CO2-free hypoxia produced a fleeting hyperventilation, which was followed by apnea when hypoxia was abruptly relieved. Unlike normal subjects, the dysautonomic patients and phenoxybenzamine-treated goats became hypotensive while hypoxic.The results indicate that peripheral chemoreceptor reflex responses to hypoxia are preserved in subjects in whom sympathetic nervous responses are impaired. However, the central nervous depression of ventilation by hypoxia is enhanced simultaneously. The inordinate central depression is attributed to the inability of the dysautonomic subjects and goats to maintain systemic blood pressure and, consequently, cerebral blood flowThe present address of Doctors Edelman, Cherniack, Lahiri, and Fishman is Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. Richards' present address is Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Hospital, New York.Received for publication 2 June 1969 and in revised form 9 February 1970. during hypoxia, thereby aggrevating central nervous hypoxia. INTRODUCTIONThe normal ventilatory response to hypoxia requires not only the proper sensing of the hypoxic stimulus by the peripheral chemoreceptors, but also the integration of the nervous output from the peripheral chemoreceptors with other neural and chemical stimuli that converge upon the central nervous system. The role of the sympathetic nervous system in this complicated interplay is not settled. Studies involving the infusion of norepinephrine in human subjects have suggested that the sympathetic nervous system may modulate the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia by controlling blood flow through the carotid body; i.e., diminished flow would elicit an increased chemoreceptor response (1). However, observations on an isolated peripheral chemoreceptor (carotid body) have not been corroborative; i.e., the expected decrease in the nervous discharge of the chemoreceptor to hypoxia after sympatholytic agents were applied did not occur (2).In the present study, a different approach to the problem was used. The ventilatory response to acute h...

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“…It seems probable that the detailed conclusions from the analysis of the latter concerning the role of vagal afferents in the response to hypoxia can also be applied to the spontaneously breathing animal. The presence of a vagal afferent input related to the magnitude of the respiratory response can explain the qualitative differences in the circulatory response of the unanaesthetized rabbit during mild and severe arterial hypoxia (Korner, 1965a: Chalmers et al 1965, 1967b, but cannot explain the differences in response before and during anaesthesia.…”

Section: Effects In Animals With Section Of the Carotid Sinus And Aormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hyperventilation on the circulatory response of the rabbit to arterial hypoxia

Crocker¹,

Rh²,

Korner³

et al. 1968

The Journal of Physiology

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S'UMMARY 1. The circulatory effects of artificial hyperventilation with air and low oxygen mixtures were studied in rabbits anaesthetized with chloraloseurethane and given decamethonium iodide. The role of vagal afferents in the response to hypoxia was also assessed in spontaneously breathing unanaesthetized and anaesthetized animals.2. In the anaesthetized rabbit artificial hyperventilation inhibited all the changes in autonomic activity to the heart and peripheral circulation resulting from stimulation of the arterial chemoreceptors, and also reduced vagal efferent tone. In animals with section of the carotid sinus and aortic nerves the changes in autonomic activity observed during hypoxia and hyperventilation were much smaller than in normal animals and affected only cardiac autonomic activity.3. The effects of hyperventilation during hypoxia were mediated chiefly through vagal afferents rather than through the effects of hypocapnia. In the absence of changes in autonomic activity (e.g. during artificial hyperventilation with air) the circulatory effects were small and less clearly related to afferent vagal activity.4. In the spontaneously breathing anaesthetized and unanaesthetized rabbit vagal afferent activity resulting from the respiratory response to hypoxia inhibits sympatho-adrenal activity in the same way as during hypoxia with artificial hyperventilation.5. The importance of the vagal afferent input in the rabbit is discussed

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The relative roles of the aortic and carotid sinus nerves in the rabbit in the control of respiration and circulation during arterial hypoxia and hypercapnia

Cited by 107 publications

References 32 publications

Comparison of Afferent Activity of Canine Aortic and Sinus Nerves

Comparison of Afferent Activity of Canine Aortic and Sinus Nerves

The effects of abnormal sympathetic nervous function upon the ventilatory response to hypoxia

Effects of hyperventilation on the circulatory response of the rabbit to arterial hypoxia

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