The relationship of urban design to human health and condition

Jackson, Laura E.

doi:10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00230-x

Cited by 435 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Returning to the social aspect of open spaces in the urban environment and the needs they cover, their importance has been repeatedly mentioned for strengthening social interaction and improving quality of life in neighbourhoods [15,16]. In working-class areas, particularly, they are extensively used both for socialising with neighbours and for taking the children out to play [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of outdoor spaces and microclimate in a Mediterranean urban area

Nikolopoulou

Lykoudis

2007

Building and Environment

254

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This paper presents some of the findings of the European project, RUROS, concentrating on the effect of microclimatic conditions on the use of open spaces in an urban Mediterranean environment. The findings confirm that there is a strong relationship between microclimatic conditions and use of open spaces. Regarding the users of open spaces, a sensitivity to the summer heat was apparent for the age category >65. The spatial distribution of the interviewees demonstrates that in summer, visitors prefer to sit in shaded areas, whereas in autumn and winter sunlit areas are more popular. Observations of the use of space revealed that air temperature and solar radiation were found to be the most dominant parameters in relation to the use of space, with wind speed and relative humidity having a weak effect. In general, people prefer shaded areas at higher air temperatures. However, as high air temperature is a factor contributing to discomfort, overall presence is reduced when air temperature rises significantly. The preference of sun, differs from season to season, depending on the activities taking place in the areas (either designated or not). The diurnal pattern of the use of space also reveals a strong dependency on meteorological parameters. Regarding the time of maximum attendance, this is found in the evening during summer, while there is a transition of the time of maximum attendance towards noon as the season progresses from summer to winter. Daytime attendance figures of autumn and winter are 300-400% higher than in the summer. The need open spaces cover and the social ties provided may also be traced by analyzing the social composition of the interviewees and the reasons bringing them in the space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of outdoor spaces and microclimate in a Mediterranean urban area

Nikolopoulou

Lykoudis

2007

Building and Environment

254

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“…While the act of employment may have little to do with ecosystem services, numerous job-types are directly related to ecosystem services. Employment involved with agriculture and food production (e.g., see citations above), food distribution (Daily et al 1998), forestry , green architecture and design (Jackson 2003), and environmental protection (Daily 2000) all have a dependence upon basic ecosystem services. Basic human livelihoods are often supported by natural ecosystem services.…”

Section: Basic Human Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Elements of Human Well-Being with an Emphasis on the Contribution of Ecosystem Services

Summers

Smith

Case

et al. 2012

AMBIO

306

156

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Natural ecosystems perform fundamental lifesupport services upon which human civilization depends. However, many people believe that nature provides these services for free and therefore, they are of little or no value. While we do not pay for them, we pay significantly for their loss in terms of wastewater treatment facilities, moratoriums on greenhouse gases, increased illnesses, reduced soil fertility and losses in those images of nature that contribute to our basic happiness. Little is understood about the well-being benefits of the natural environment and its ecosystem services. The interwoven relationship of ecosystems and human well-being is insufficiently acknowledged in the wider philosophical, social, and economic well-being literature. In this article, we discuss an approach to examine human well-being and the interactions of its four primary elements-basic human needs, economic needs, environmental needs, and subjective wellbeing-and ecosystem services.

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“…The discourse analysis thus mapped onto the bibliometric analysis, wherein One-health links public health research on zoonotic diseases with research using animal models. The former set of articles could be subdivided in terms of focus, where characterising and classifying pathogens was the goal of some (Cleaveland, Laurenson, & Taylor, 2001;Taylor, et al, 2001), understanding the transmission of diseases and its contexts the focus of others (Epstein, 2001;Jones, et al, 2008;Mangili & Gendreau, 2005;Nicholson & Mather, 1996), while a third subset of articles were more programmatic or calls to action (Jackson, 2003;Spellberg, et al, 2008;Zinsstag, Schelling, Waltner-Toews, & Tanner, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the contributions that Rock, Degeling and Blue (2014) contend posthumanism can make to public health are arguably also already being made by Onehealth, such as foregrounding: 1) the importance of nonhuman entities for improving human health and subjective well-being (Rock, et al, 2014: 337;Zinsstag, et al, 2011), as evidenced by infectious disease (Jones, et al, 2008;Rock, et al, 2014: 338;Taylor, et al, 2001), 2) the use of animals as sentinels (Rock, et al, 2014: 338;van der Schalie, et al, 1999); and 3) the range of nonhuman substances (e.g., microbes, carcinogens) that shape human health (Rock, et al, 2014: 338;Spellberg, et al, 2008). Both posthumanism and One-health also challenge the sharp delineation between physical and social environments (Jackson, 2003;Rock, et al, 2014: 339).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posthumanist critique and human health: how nonhumans (could) figure in public health research

Friese

Nuyts

2017

Critical Public Health

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This paper uses bibliometric analysis and critical discourse analysis to explore the rise in research involving nonhumans in public health, and the potential contribution of posthumanist social theory to this growing body of public health scholarship. There has been a sudden and rather marked increase in research and writing on animals, zoonoses and/or the 'One-health' paradigm within public health journals since 2006. Indeed 'One-health' rather than 'posthumanism' holds together research involving nonhumans of various kinds -from viruses to animals -within the discipline. Advocates of the 'One-health' paradigm argue that human and animal health must be integrated through joining the research, training and care practices of human and animal medicine. By mapping the terrain of public health research involving nonhuman species, we consider how and where posthumanist theory could be productively drawn upon to contribute to both critical and applied research involving nonhumans within public health. We specifically ask how the posthumanist insight to 'follow the nonhumans' would raise new questions and analytics for this research area.

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The relationship of urban design to human health and condition

Cited by 435 publications

References 21 publications

Use of outdoor spaces and microclimate in a Mediterranean urban area

Use of outdoor spaces and microclimate in a Mediterranean urban area

A Review of the Elements of Human Well-Being with an Emphasis on the Contribution of Ecosystem Services

Posthumanist critique and human health: how nonhumans (could) figure in public health research

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