The relationship of functional stress and strain to the processes of bone remodelling. An experimental study on the sheep radius

Lanyon, Lance E.; Magee, Patrick; Baggott, D.G.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(79)90079-4

Cited by 120 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…R. P. Main and A. A. Biewener Ontogenetic patterns of bone loading in the goat radius Lanyon et al (1979) found that, in the sheep radius, E increased by 1.27 times for a 2.1% increase in percent ash content from 17·weeks to >4·years of age, suggesting that the 2.8% ash increase we observed in the goat radius, although providing some increase in bending resistance, did not increase E sufficiently to maintain peak strain levels uniform during ontogeny.…”

Section: Ontogenetic Changes In Bone Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic patterns of limb loading,in vivobone strains and growth in the goat radius

Main

Biewener

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

112

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from strong negative growth allometry of the crosssectional area (ϰM 0.53 ) and medio-lateral and craniocaudal second moments of area (IMLϰM 1.03 , ICCϰM 0.84 ) of the radius and only a small increase (+2.8%) in mineral ash content. Even though bone strains increased with growth and age, strains in the younger goats were small enough to suggest that they maintain safety factors at least comparable with adults when moving at similar absolute speeds. Increased variability of loading in juvenile animals may also favor the more robust dimensions of the radius, and possibly other limb bones, early in growth.

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Section: Ontogenetic Changes In Bone Materials Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic patterns of limb loading,in vivobone strains and growth in the goat radius

Main

Biewener

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

112

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“…In horses that sustain habitual dorsal/palmar variations in net tension/compression, respectively, corresponding variations in predominant CFO and/or On.N/T.Ar may represent adaptations that differentially enhance energy absorption, minimizing regional disparities in fatigue behavior. This may be an important selective advantage of the regional variations in predominant CFO and/or On.N/T.Ar that have been reported between the 'tension' and 'compression' regions of other mammalian bones subject to habitual bending (Carando et al, 1991;Kalmey and Lovejoy, 2002;Lanyon et al, 1979;Mason et al, 1995;Skedros, 2001;.…”

Section: Regional Histocompositional Adaptation Microdamagementioning

confidence: 97%

“…compression testing specimens from cortical regions habitually loaded in compression, or tension testing specimens from cortical regions habitually loaded in tension). Mechanical testing in this context is important since: (1) in vivo surface strain measurements have shown that many long bones receive a consistent direction of bending, which in most long bones occurs during the time of peak loading of stance phase in typical gait-related activities (Biewener, 1993;Biewener and Bertram, 1993;Biewener et al, 1986;Coleman et al, 2002;Fritton and Rubin, 2001;Indrekvam et al, 1991;Lanyon and Baggott, 1976;Lanyon et al, 1979;Lieberman et al, 2003) and (2) cortical bone is substantially stiffer and stronger, has different fatigue behavior and likely has greater toughness and/or energy absorption in compression than in tension or shear (Boyce et al, 1998;Burstein et al, 1976;Carter and Hayes, 1977;Jepsen et al, 2001;Norman et al, 1996;Pattin et al, 1996;Reilly and Currey, 2000;Turner et al, 2001). Because long bones must accommodate regional strain-moderelated disparities in mechanical requirements in order to ensure the beneficial aspects of strain produced by loading (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biewener and Bertram, 1994;Currey, 2002;Lanyon et al, 1979;Martin et al, 1998;Schaffler et al, 1985;Woo et al, 1981), or (2) the presence of regional differences in structural and/or material organization that are strongly influenced by normal functional stimuli occurring during normal development within or between bones (e.g. Bertram and Swartz, 1991;Currey, 2002;Martin et al, 1998;Riggs et al, 1993a;Riggs et al, 1993b;Skedros et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of collagen fiber orientation and other histocompositional characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone

Skedros

Dayton

Sybrowsky

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In cortical bone, regional variations in predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO) and other histocompositional (material) characteristics may represent biomechanically important adaptations related to specific strain modes of tension, compression, or shear. For example, regions habitually loaded in compression have relatively more oblique-to-transverse collagen compared to regions loaded in tension, which have relatively more longitudinal collagen (Carando et al., 1991;Kalmey and Lovejoy, 2002;Mason et al., 1995;Riggs et al., 1993a;Skedros, 2001;Skedros and Kuo, 1999;Skedros et al., 1996). Standard material tests (conducted This study examined relative influences of predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO), mineralization (% ash), and other microstructural characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone. Using strain-mode-specific (S-M-S) testing (compression testing of bone habitually loaded in compression; tension testing of bone habitually loaded in tension), the relative mechanical importance of CFO and other material characteristics were examined in equine third metacarpals (MC3s). This model was chosen since it had a consistent non-uniform strain distribution estimated by finite element analysis (FEA) near mid-diaphysis of a thoroughbred horse, net tension in the dorsal/lateral cortices and net compression in the palmar/medial cortices. Bone specimens from regions habitually loaded in tension or compression were: (1) tested to failure in both axial compression and tension in order to contrast S-M-S vs non-S-M-S behavior, and (2) analyzed for CFO, % ash, porosity, fractional area of secondary osteonal bone, osteon cross-sectional area, and population densities of secondary osteons and osteocyte lacunae. Multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that in S-M-S compression testing, CFO most strongly influenced total energy (pre-yield elastic energy plus post-yield plastic energy); in S-M-S tension testing CFO most strongly influenced post-yield energy and total energy. CFO was less important in explaining S-M-S elastic modulus, and yield and ultimate stress. Therefore, in S-M-S loading CFO appears to be important in influencing energy absorption, whereas the other characteristics have a more dominant influence in elastic modulus, pre-yield behavior and strength. These data generally support the hypothesis that differentially affecting S-M-S energy absorption may be an important consequence of regional histocompositional heterogeneity in the equine MC3. Data inconsistent with the hypothesis, including the lack of highly longitudinal collagen in the dorsal-lateral 'tension' region, paradoxical histologic organization in some locations, and lack of significantly improved S-M-S properties in some locations, might reflect the absence of a similar habitual strain distribution in all bones. An alternative strain distribution based on in vivo strain measurements, without FEA, on non-Thoroughbreds showing net compression along the dorsal-palmar axis might be more characteristic of ...

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“…The higher levels of remodeling were seen in the caudal and cranial sides of the bone. These regions correspond to the high tensile (cranial) and compressive (caudal) regions [45]. The lower value measurements were seen to be closer to the neutral axis of the bone.…”

Section: Histomorphometrymentioning

confidence: 67%

Seasonal and Anatomical Variation in Compact Bone Remodeling in the Adult Sheep

Calcagno¹

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SEASONAL AND ANATOMICAL VARIATION IN COMPACT BONE REMODELING IN THE ADULT SHEEP Joseph CalcagnoIn order to determine whether ovine compact bone is suitable for study of osteoporosis, the remodeling parameters of the untreated animal must be fully characterized. Ovine compact bone is an attractive large animal model due to its similarities in size and bone remodeling to humans. However hormonal, exercise, and dietary changes due to seasonal changes can cause treatment effects to be hidden or superimposed on existing changes in the bone. In order to determine if

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The relationship of functional stress and strain to the processes of bone remodelling. An experimental study on the sheep radius

Cited by 120 publications

References 7 publications

Ontogenetic patterns of limb loading,in vivobone strains and growth in the goat radius

Ontogenetic patterns of limb loading,in vivobone strains and growth in the goat radius

The influence of collagen fiber orientation and other histocompositional characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone

Seasonal and Anatomical Variation in Compact Bone Remodeling in the Adult Sheep

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