The Relationship of Acculturation to Historical Loss Awareness, Institutional Betrayal, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma in the American Indian Experience

Abstract

The terms historical trauma and intergenerational transmission of trauma have been used interchangeably in the literature, yet may be theoretically distinct. The confusion in nomenclature may mask different underlying mechanisms for understanding trauma. The current study applies institutional betrayal trauma theory as a means for understanding awareness of historical losses and examines the intergenerational transmission of trauma through family systems. In a diverse sample ( N = 59) of American Indians, we find support for the idea that institutional betrayal may be at the heart of historical loss awareness. The more participants in the current study were acculturated, or identified with White culture, the less they were aware of historical losses. For the entire sample, regardless of acculturation, we found that family history of boarding school experiences, having parents and grandparents who lived in boarding schools, predicted interpersonal childhood trauma but not noninterpersonal childhood trauma.

Nilai-nilai budaya soméah pada perilaku komunikasi masyarakat Suku Sunda

“…Sama halnya dengan pesan punten, pesan mangga juga mengandung nilai kearifan lokal. Punteun dan mangga sebagai nilai budaya soméah senantiasa dipertahankan karena dasar keyakinan (Cromer, Gray, Vasquez, & Freyd, 2018). Nilai lokal yang terdapat pada budaya soméah yakni berupa tata kelakuan yang menekankan pada etika dan tata krama yang dimiliki oleh setiap pribadi masyarakat Suku Sunda.…”

“…Akulturasi dapat diartikan sebagai proses integrasi dan berasimilasi (Bliuc, McGarty, Badea, & Boza, 2018). Williams & Berry mendefinisikan akulturasi sebagai proses yang dapat terjadi ketika antarmuka budaya (Cromer et al, 2018). Akulturasi dapat bersifat terarah, akan tetapi dipengaruhi oleh sejauh mana seseorang menyesuaikan karakteristik budaya yang dominan yang ada disekitarnya.…”

“…Akulturasi dapat bersifat terarah, akan tetapi dipengaruhi oleh sejauh mana seseorang menyesuaikan karakteristik budaya yang dominan yang ada disekitarnya. Menurut Garcia & Ahler, adaptasi karakteristik tersebut dapat melibatkan mengintegrasikan keyakinan, kebiasaan, dan bentuk pakaian (Cromer et al, 2018). Akulturasi artinya proses bergabungnya budaya dengan tidak menghilangkan budaya aslinya.…”

When Self-Care Is Not Enough: Reflections on How to Make Intensive Clinical Work More Sustainable

“…This could be due to acute psychosis, developmental disability, cognitive impairment, traumatic brain injury, or memory loss (due to brain injury or acute alcohol/drug intoxication during the assault). Reluctance to share one's story could also relate to understandable mistrust of healthcare institutions resulting from centuries of racial and cultural oppression and violence by individuals and institutions in the U.S. (Cromer, Gray, Vasquez, & Freyd, 2017;George, Duran, & Noras, 2014).…”

“The right to lead”: Navajo language, dis‐citizenship, and Diné presidential politics

“…While Deschene's generation has largely been characterized by tribal self‐determination, it was, however, also shaped by previous policies aimed at assimilation. Thus, while the policies that gave rise to programmes like urban relocation are long‐dead, their effects on the cultural and linguistic lives of Navajos continue (Cromer, Gray, Vasquez, & Freyd, ). When asked why he does not speak Navajo, Deschene often responds that he is “a product of cultural destruction” (Allen, ), referring to the tremendous language and cultural loss resulting from urban relocation, itself a product of federal Indian policy and the concomitant goal of territorial dispossession under US settler colonialism.…”