The relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation

The impact of El Niño–southern oscillation upon weather regimes over Europe and the North Atlantic during boreal winter

“…Our results suggest that the relationship between ENSO and the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation changes strongly between the beginning and the core-ending parts of the boreal winter. This result is consistent with the mean SLPA (Moron and Gouirand, 2003) and NAO index (Huang et al, 1998) responses to ENSO. This suggests, therefore, that the best seasonal pooling is not DJF, but ND on the one hand and JFM (or FM) on the other hand, when ENSO signals over the North Atlantic area are investigated.…”

An interannual link between Arctic sea-ice cover and the North Atlantic Oscillation

“…In that sense, the NAO mode is considered more physically relevant and robust for the Northern Hemisphere variability than the AO . Reasons for NAO variability are not well understood yet; however, interactions with other teleconnection patterns have been explored and emphasized (Huang et al 1998;Semenov et al 2008;Park and Dusek 2013). Arctic sea ice conditions have been investigated in relation to NAO and large-scale circulation in observational and modelling studies.…”

The dynamics of the warming hiatus over the Northern Hemisphere

“…These studies indicate that the previous warming hiatus (about 1940-1975) was significantly related with the AMO signal. The atmospheric ICV over the Atlantic is generally represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (Huang et al 1998;Higuchi et al 1999;, which is suggested to have contributed to the recent warming hiatus (Guan et al 2015). In addition, from an energy balance perspective, the hiatus may have been caused by heat transported to deeper layers of the Atlantic and Southern oceans (Chen and Tung 2014).…”