The relationship between mother's socioeconomic status and child health

Shahraki, Mahdi; Agheli, Lotfali; Arani, Abbas Assari; Sadeqi, Hossein; Ghaderi, Simin

doi:10.29252/jrh.8.2.143

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The chi-square statistic was 259, which showed that the total variables of the models are statistically significant differences from 0 and are significant. Given that the estimation of the selection equations was conducted based on the bivariate probit method, the coefficients obtained in these two equations are only suitable for examining the direction of effects (22,23). The marginal effects were used to examine the a Source: Author's findings effect of each of the independent variables on the probability of health insurance purchasing and purchasing from the health market, the results of which were presented in the sixth column of Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Health Insurance in Facing Health Expenditures Among Urban Female-headed Households in Iran

Ghaderi¹

2023

Shiraz E-Med J

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Background: Health insurance is one of the important parts of financing in the health system to reduce inequality in household health expenditures. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of health insurance in facing health expenditures among urban female-headed households in Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical applied study was performed cross-sectionally using the double-sample selection econometrics method in Stata software (version 16) in 2021. The sample included 2645 female-headed households, and the data were prepared by the Statistics Center of Iran using a questionnaire. Results: The results showed that social security insurance, private insurance, and insurance of special organizations led to an increase in the health expenditures of female-headed households by 159896, 334137, and 18332 Rials, respectively. Increasing household size, having children, having an elderly person, increasing per capita income, and per capita tobacco expenditures led to an increase in the health expenditures of female-headed households by 875260, 1545153, 2441094, 0.32, and 1.65 Rials, respectively. Conclusions: Private insurance, social security insurance, and insurance of special organizations had the greatest impact on increasing the health expenditures of female-headed households, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to create an integrated health insurance system that reduces insurance organizations and funds and provides the same level of coverage for health goods and services. It is also suggested to adopt policies to increase the educational level of female-headed households to reduce health expenditures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Health Insurance in Facing Health Expenditures Among Urban Female-headed Households in Iran

Ghaderi¹

2023

Shiraz E-Med J

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“…However, in some countries, mothers' employment tends to increase undernutrition in under-fives [43,44]. The working status of mothers negatively influenced undernutrition of their children, implying that the more chances mothers had to work, the lower the rates of undernutrition [45]; however, according to many other scholars, mothers' working and employment conditions implied diversion of time from children to work such that so that time to care for young children is reduced hence increasing the likelihood of being undernourished [46].…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Risk Factors of Undernutrition among Children below Five Years of Age in Uganda Using Generalized Structural Equation Models

Maniragaba,

Atuhaire,

Rutayisire

2023

Children

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Introduction: The prevalence of undernutrition among children below five years of age, in Uganda and the world over, remains very high. About 45% of all global deaths among children below five years of age are attributed to undernutrition. A number of studies using different statistical approaches affirm this effect, yet some factors indicate the influence of other factors within the system. This study, therefore, uses a method that demonstrates how different variables feed into each other. Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the major factors associated with an increased likelihood of undernutrition and the paths showing how these risk factors influence undernutrition. Methods: Data from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS, 2016) were used for this study. A sample of 4530 children, whose age, height, and weight measurements were recorded, was considered for this study. Additionally, the study used generalized structural equation models to identify the multifaceted natures and paths of the risk factors that influence undernutrition among children below five years of age. The study relied on the UNICEF 2020 conceptual framework to identify and analyze the direct and indirect effects of these risk factors of undernutrition. Results: From the perspective of a male child, having a perceived small size at birth, a low birth weight, being breastfed for less than 6 months, having no formal education from mothers, limited income-generating opportunities, a low wealth status, and notable episodes of diarrhea were among the key factors associated with an increased likelihood of undernutrition. The identified paths were as follows: (i) Having no education, as this was associated with limited working opportunities and a low income, which increases the likelihood of low household wealth status, hence increasing the chances of undernutrition. (ii) Exposure to a rural setting was associated with an increased likelihood of undernutrition through association with poor and or low employment levels within the rural areas. (iii) A shorter duration of breastfeeding was associated with children in urban areas, resulting in an increased likelihood of undernutrition. (iv) Children aged between 6 and 47 months had a higher likelihood of undernutrition. Conclusions: An approach that addresses and recognizes all these factors at different levels, along the established paths, should be implemented to effectively reduce undernutrition among children below five years of age.

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“…The first 14 weeks of life are very important for an infant’s health because, during this period, infants begin to make neural connections and recognize sound and smell ( 2 ). Therefore, the child's health during this period will have a significant role in the physical, mental, and social functioning of the child in the future ( 3 ). Among the factors affecting children's health, the role of socioeconomic factors is more than 50%, which highlights the need to provide favorable economic and social factors for the family and especially for the mother in the first months of childbirth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Paid Maternity Leave on Child Health in the Middle East and North Africa

Shahraki

2022

Med. J. Islam. Republ. Iran

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Background: The paid maternity leave is one of the factors affecting the health status of children, but this maternity leave in the Middle East and North Africa is not only less than in developed countries but also the mortality rate of children under 5 years is higher in these countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the paid maternity leave on children’s health in the Middle East and North Africa. Methods: This descriptive-analytical and applied study was conducted by Panel data regression method with cross-sectional dependence and Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimators for 2000 and 2019. The statistical population was 12 countries in the Middle East and North Africa, and annual time series data were extracted from World Bank databases. The study models, cross-sectional dependency tests, Pesaran unit root, Westerlund cointegration, and other required tests were estimated in Stata 16 software. Results: The average paid maternity leave for 12 countries in the Middle East and North African countries between 2000 and 2019 was 68.8 days, and in 2019, it was 78 days. The effect of maternity leave on infant mortality rate in the Augmented Mean Group and Common Correlated Effect Mean Group were -0.0018 and -0.0006, respectively, and, the effect on the under-5 mortality rate in the mentioned methods was -0.0023 and -0.0007, respectively. The coefficient of female labor force participation rate on infant mortality rate was -0.056 and the under-5 mortality rate was -0.049. Conclusion: Increasing maternity leave had a negative effect on infant and child mortality rates. Also, health expenditures and female labor force participation rates had a negative effect, and carbon dioxide production had a positive effect on infant mortality rates; therefore, policies to increase paid maternity leave for mothers, as well as policies to increase maternal employment, are proposed to increase fertility while increasing the health of infants.

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The relationship between mother's socioeconomic status and child health

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Role of Health Insurance in Facing Health Expenditures Among Urban Female-headed Households in Iran

Role of Health Insurance in Facing Health Expenditures Among Urban Female-headed Households in Iran

Modeling the Risk Factors of Undernutrition among Children below Five Years of Age in Uganda Using Generalized Structural Equation Models

The Effect of Paid Maternity Leave on Child Health in the Middle East and North Africa

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