The relationship between fungi growth and aflatoxin production with ergosterol content of corn grains

Castro, Maria Fernanda Penteado M. de; Bragagnolo, Neura; Valentini, Silvia

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822002000100004

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…A significant correlation between ergosterol and aflatoxin contents during the incubation period was reported (Gourama and Bullerman 1995b;Castro et al 2002). The results of this study suggest that this correlation could be observed not only during incubation but also in products on/in which fungal growth had occurred.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Aflatoxins, patulin and ergosterol contents of dried figs in Turkey

Karaca

Nas

2006

Food Additives and Contaminants

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Dried figs of three different categories, palatable, fluorescent, and cull, were investigated for their contents of aflatoxins (B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 ), patulin, and ergosterol. Samples were obtained from four fig processing plants located in a major fig producing area in the Aegean Region in Turkey. Affinity column clean-up methods were employed for aflatoxins. All aflatoxins, patulin, and ergosterol were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Palatable figs contaminated with trace amounts of aflatoxins, patulin, and ergosterol, so they posed no risk for the consumer when national and/or international regulatory limits were considered. Fluorescent figs were contaminated with high (117.9-471.9 ppb) aflatoxin levels and cull figs with high patulin (39.3-151.6 ppb) and ergosterol (4.5-18 ppm) levels. The total aflatoxins content was significantly correlated with the patulin content (r 2 ¼ 0.813, p < 0.002) and the ergosterol content (r 2 ¼ 0.920, p < 0.002) only in fluorescent figs. However there was no significant correlation between patulin and ergosterol contents of fluorescent figs. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between the contents of any two of the three substances in cull figs. This is the first report on the presence of patulin and its co-occurrence with aflatoxin in dried figs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Aflatoxins, patulin and ergosterol contents of dried figs in Turkey

Karaca

Nas

2006

Food Additives and Contaminants

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“…Results for a w values varied between 0.54 and 0.64, which is below the optimum level for fungal growth [23] . Ash content values varied between 0.97 and 1.35g/g.…”

Section: Maize Grain Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of plant densities and fertilization on maize grains by near-infrared spectroscopy

Barbin

Sobottka

Risso

et al. 2015

Spectroscopy Letters

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Near-infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive and rapid process analytical technology for measuring a wide range of constituents of biological materials. There is the need to build new prediction models for samples from different regions or varieties, or grown in diverse types of soils and fertilization, investigating how these factors influence spectral information of organic samples. The objective of the current study was to investigate maize grains grown under different levels of fertilization and plant densities using near infrared spectroscopy as a process analytical technology . In addition, near infrared spectral information was used to develop predictive models from reference analyses of water activity (a w ), protein, moisture and ash contents for maize from four different plant density -60, 75, 90 and 105 thousand plants/ha -with five doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/ha). Chemical composition parameters were determined by traditional analytical methods. Maize grains from the same plant density had their protein content increased with doses of nitrogen. In addition, it was observed the decrease in Spectroscopy Letters 2 protein content with the increase in plant densities. Among different partial least squares regression models developed for each parameter using spectral information in the visible/near infrared range (400 to 2500 nm), the best coefficient of prediction was obtained for protein (R 2 cv = 0.92), revealing a strong relationship between spectral information and protein content. Except for ash content, models for the assessed parameters showed ratio of standard error of calibration to standard deviation between 2.5 and 4.2 indicating that near infrared spectra has the potential for fast assessment of maize grains.Near-infrared spectroscopy is a rapid process analytical technology for measuring a wide range of constituents of biological materials. The objective of the current study was to investigate maize grains grown under different levels of fertilization and plant densities using near infrared spectroscopy. Maize grains from the same plant density had their protein content increased with doses of nitrogen. In addition, it was observed the decrease in protein content with the increase in plant densities. Except for ash content, models for the assessed parameters indicated that near infrared spectra has the potential for fast assessment of maize grains.

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“…Litter was homogenized using a Tissue Tearor (BioSpec Products, Inc., Barlesville, OK). To determine total growth of each species on litter over time, we quantified ergosterol in each sample as an estimate of fungal cell growth and activity (Bååth, 2001;Castro et al, 2002). Ergosterol analysis followed the procedure of Montgomery et al (2000).…”

Section: Fungal Biomass and Enzyme Activity Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional guild classification predicts the enzymatic role of fungi in litter and soil biogeochemistry

Talbot

Martin

Kohler

et al. 2015

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

122

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a b s t r a c tLinking community composition to ecosystem function is a challenge in complex microbial communities. We tested the hypothesis that key biological features of fungi -evolutionary history, functional guild, and abundance of functional genes e can predict the biogeochemical activity of fungal species during decay. We measured the activity of 10 different enzymes produced by 48 model fungal species on leaf litter in laboratory microcosms. Taxa included closely related species with different ecologies (i.e. species in different "functional guilds") and species with publicly available genomes. Decomposition capabilities differed less among phylogenetic lineages of fungi than among different functional guilds. Activity of carbohydrases and acid phosphatase was significantly higher in litter colonized by saprotrophs compared to ectomycorrhizal species. By contrast, oxidoreductase activities per unit fungal biomass were statistically similar across functional guilds, with white rot fungi having highest polyphenol oxidase activity and ectomycorrhizal fungi having highest peroxidase activity. On the ecosystem level, polyphenol oxidase activity in soil correlated with the abundance of white rot fungi, while soil peroxidase activity correlated with the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil. Copy numbers of genes coding for different enzymes explained the activity of some carbohydrases and polyphenol oxidase produced by fungi in culture, but were not significantly better predictors of activity than specific functional guild. Collectively, our data suggest that quantifying the specific functional guilds of fungi in soil, potentially through environmental sequencing approaches, allows us to predict activity of enzymes that drive soil biogeochemical cycles.

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The relationship between fungi growth and aflatoxin production with ergosterol content of corn grains

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Aflatoxins, patulin and ergosterol contents of dried figs in Turkey

Aflatoxins, patulin and ergosterol contents of dried figs in Turkey

Influence of plant densities and fertilization on maize grains by near-infrared spectroscopy

Functional guild classification predicts the enzymatic role of fungi in litter and soil biogeochemistry

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