The relationship between childhood trauma and neuropsychological functioning in first episode psychosis

Campbell, Clodagh; Barrett, Suzanne; Shannon, Ciarán; Hoy, Katrina; Rushe, Teresa; Cooper, Stephen; Mulholland, Ciaran

doi:10.1080/17522439.2012.660982

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In fact, the profiles of individuals with SPD who did not report childhood trauma were similar to those observed in the healthy control group. These findings are consistent with studies using full‐blown psychosis samples where worse neurocognitive performance was observed in individuals who reported childhood trauma (compared to those who did not report it) . Although no such effect was found for processing speed in the current study, this domain was impaired across the SPD sample to a similar degree regardless of the presence of reported childhood trauma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This was also reported by Aas et al. using a sample of first‐episode psychosis participants, where males were especially vulnerable to the effects of trauma on cognition. Third, we had no information available on parental psychopathology.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Also, there is emerging evidence suggesting differential illness trajectories to schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders. For example, one study observed that individuals with first‐episode psychosis who reported childhood trauma had an average premorbid IQ and showed significant cognitive decline whereas individuals without childhood trauma had lower IQ from the onset and did not show a significant change after the illness . Moreover, comorbidity among childhood adversities has been widely cited and observed in our study as well, possibly implying that the differences in trauma types are due to particular trauma clustering and not purely a distinct effect of certain traumas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

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Severe childhood trauma and clinical and neurocognitive features in schizotypal personality disorder

Velikonja

Velthorst

McClure

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objective: Literature suggests that childhood trauma increases vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, including schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Yet, it remains unexplored whether childhood trauma predicts symptom load and the level of neurocognitive functioning in SPD. Method: We included 225 individuals with SPD and 127 healthy controls. Childhood trauma was evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and schizotypal traits were assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Standard neurocognitive assessments covered six cognitive domains. Results: All types of reported childhood trauma were significantly associated with SPD, in a linear fashion. Severe sexual abuse showed the greatest magnitude of association with higher cognitive-perceptual load (e.g., ideas of reference, odd belief or magical thinking); severe emotional neglect was associated with interpersonal scores (e.g., excessive social anxiety, constricted affect) within the SPD group. SPD individuals who reported severe trauma showed worse cognitive functioning (i.e., working memory, verbal/visual learning and memory, as well as verbal fluency). Conclusions: Particular severe childhood trauma types were associated with higher cognitive-perceptual and interpersonal symptoms in SPD, along with worse cognitive functioning. These findings highlight the need for clinicians to enquire about childhood trauma in SPD patients, since unaddressed early adverse experiences may carry long-term negative consequences. Significant outcomes• Sexual abuse and emotional abuse were the types of childhood trauma most strongly associated with a SPD diagnosis, especially in severe forms.• Severe forms of sexual abuse showed the strongest magnitude of association with cognitiveperceptual traits, while severe emotional neglect showed the strongest magnitude of association with interpersonal symptoms (e.g., excessive social anxiety, constricted affect) among SPD.• Severe childhood trauma was associated with worse overall cognitive functioning among SPD. Limitations• The evaluation of childhood trauma was based on self-report measures.• A cross-sectional study design does not allow any conclusions about directionality of the associations between childhood trauma types and increased schizotypal personality disorder traits. Causality is compromised by the assumption that childhood trauma preceded the development of SPD.• The neurocognitive assessments were only completed for a subset of our sample, precluding more detailed analysis (e.g., exploring the associations between cognition and different trauma types, sex differences).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

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Severe childhood trauma and clinical and neurocognitive features in schizotypal personality disorder

Velikonja

Velthorst

McClure

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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“…Patients with a psychotic disorder and CM also show a higher concentration of inflammatory markers compared to psychotic patients without CM , which is again predictive of non‐response to antipsychotics . In psychotic disorders, CM is further related to cognitive impairments, including general cognitive ability, working memory, attention, verbal skills and visual perceptual organization , which is associated with non‐response to treatments aimed at improving social and occupational functioning as well as to treatments aimed at reducing symptoms . Besides these neurobiological and cognitive alterations, CM has been suggested to be a crucial source of increased stress sensitivity in patients with a psychotic disorder , which can favour the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in response to potentially stressful events .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment and treatment outcome in psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Thomas

Höfler

Schäfer

et al. 2019

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objective Childhood maltreatment (CM) plays an important role in the aetiology and course of psychotic disorders and is associated with characteristics that could be relevant for treatment. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the association between CM and treatment outcome in psychotic disorders. Methods Treatment outcome was defined as change in psychotic symptoms or in social or occupational functioning between first and last reported measurement in the course of a pharmacological and/or psychological treatment. Results Twelve treatment results from seven studies (636 patients, average treatment duration: 59.2 weeks) were included. CM was related to poorer treatment outcomes in psychotic disorders (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = [1.08, 2.10]). There is evidence that this association might increase with illness duration and increasing age and might be stronger in schizophrenia samples. Conclusions Childhood maltreatment is highly understudied with regard to treatment outcome in psychotic disorders. The need for more studies is emphasized by the fact that this meta‐analysis reveals evidence for a poorer treatment response in patients with CM. If this association is confirmed, the identification of patients with CM and the consideration of associated clinical and biological conditions could contribute to improve treatment outcome in psychotic disorders.

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“…23 Studies with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) point to abnormalities in the domain of inhibitory and attentional EF processes, such as generation and use of strategies and behavioral control. 4,[24][25][26] In addition to the HT's sensitivity for assessment of children with ADHD, it is also an important instrument for assessing executive impairment in schizophrenia, 27 in autism, 20 and within other clinical frames, 28,29 demonstrating its usefulness for diagnosis of executive and cognitive dysfunctions. However, research with children with typical development is still needed, since such studies are crucial to defining norms and to identifying biological and sociocultural factors related to cognitive and executive processes.…”

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Brazilian version of the Child Hayling Test

Siqueira

Gonçalves

Hübner

et al. 2016

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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Introduction: The Hayling Test assesses the components of initiation, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and verbal speed by means of a sentence completion task. This study presents the process of developing the Brazilian version of the Child Hayling Test (CHT) and reports evidence of its content validity. Methods: 139 people took part in the study. The adaptation was performed by seven translators and 12 specialist judges. An initial sample of 92 healthy children was recruited to test a selection of sentences adapted from previous adult and pediatric versions of the instrument, and a sample of 28 healthy children was recruited for pilot testing of the final version. The instrument was developed in seven stages: 1) translation, 2) back-translation, 3) comparison of translated versions, 4) preparation of new stimuli, 5) data collection with healthy children to analyze comprehension of the stimuli and analyses by the authors against the psycholinguistic criteria adopted, 6) analyses conducted by judges who are specialists in neuropsychology or linguistics, and 7) the pilot study. Results: Twenty-four of the 72 sentences constructed were selected on the basis of 70-100% agreement between judges evaluating what they assessed and level of comprehensibility. The pilot study revealed better performance by older children, providing evidence of the instrument's sensitivity to developmental factors. Conclusions: Future studies employing this version of CHT with clinical pediatric populations who have frontal lesions and dysfunctions and in related areas are needed to test functional and differential diagnoses of preserved or impaired executive functions.

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The relationship between childhood trauma and neuropsychological functioning in first episode psychosis

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Severe childhood trauma and clinical and neurocognitive features in schizotypal personality disorder

Severe childhood trauma and clinical and neurocognitive features in schizotypal personality disorder

Childhood maltreatment and treatment outcome in psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Development of the Brazilian version of the Child Hayling Test

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