The relationship between central obesity and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract

Background The relationship between obesity and osteoporosis is an important public health issue. The goal of this study was to investigate whether and to what extent central obesity traits affect bone mineral density (BMD). Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Genomewide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference adjusted by body mass index (WCadjBMI), hip circumference adjusted by BMI (HCadjBMI) and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted by BMI (WHRadjBMI) were obtained from a large-scale database containing 224,459 samples. The BMD summary dataset was obtained from a UK Biobank database including 265,627 participants. Results The results provided strong evidence that the HCadjBMI trait was causally and negatively associated with BMD (β: − 0.135, 95% CI − 0.216 to − 0.054; P = 0.001), while the WHR trait was causally and positively associated with BMD (β: 0.194, 95% CI 0.062 to 0.325, P = 0.004). No significant effects were observed for other traits on BMD. Conclusions This study indicates variations in the abilities of different central obesity traits to influence BMD. These results should be considered in further studies and public health measures on obesity and osteoporosis prevention strategies.

Causal associations of hand grip strength with bone mineral density and fracture risk: A mendelian randomization study

“…In terms of overall obesity, we found that BMI, a measurement of overall obesity, was causally and positively associated with BMD, and the genetic determination of BMI is different but similar across different skeletons ( 27 ). In terms of central obesity, our study suggested variations in the ability of different central obesity traits to influence BMD and found that hip circumference adjusted by BMI (negatively) and waist-to-hip ratio (positively) may be important factors causally influencing BMD ( 28 ). Recent studies have demonstrated that sarcopenic obesity is associated with an increased risk of physical disability, osteoporosis and nonvertebral fractures in older adults when compared to those with obesity ( 29 , 30 ).…”

Causal relationship between breakfast skipping and bone mineral density: a two-sample Mendelian randomized study

“…Afterward, we extracted the SNPs and their corresponding statistical data that were associated with the outcome. We selected 15,14,14,19,18,20,20, and 20 SNPs as instrumental variables for the causal analyses between breakfast skipping and FABMD, FNBMD, LSBMD, TBBMD (0-15 years), TBBMD (15-30 years), TBBMD (30-45 years), TBBMD (45-60 years), and TBBMD (over 60 years). Detailed information is provided in Additional file 2.…”

“…Its mechanism is similar to that of randomised controlled trials (14,15), making this geneticvariable-based analytical method capable of yielding more reliable conclusions (16). Previous MR studies have demonstrated causal effects of factors such as fasting glucose (17), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (18), and central obesity (19) on the development of BMD. However, an MR study on the causal effect of breakfast skipping on BMD has not been conducted.…”

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“…Also, concordant and consistent findings emanating from MR analyses using multiple anthropometric markers of central-and general-obesity could strengthen the evidence pertaining to their putative causal roles in ensuing PCOS. Anthropometric traits are customarily exploited in MR studies as valid and reliable surrogate markers for operationalizing central-and general obesity [30][31][32]. In these studies, multiple anthropometric markers were incorporated in univariable MR to gain evidence on causal roles of central-and general obesity [30][31][32].…”

“…Anthropometric traits are customarily exploited in MR studies as valid and reliable surrogate markers for operationalizing central-and general obesity [30][31][32]. In these studies, multiple anthropometric markers were incorporated in univariable MR to gain evidence on causal roles of central-and general obesity [30][31][32].…”