The Red Maple Paradox

Abrams, Marc D.

doi:10.2307/1313374

Cited by 500 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…T. occidentalis is currently thought to be suffering a lack of recruitment, with stands on wet soils in this region no longer succeeding to T. occidentalis dominance despite the fact that T. occidentalis currently dominates old stands on wet soils, implying that it recruited well in the past (28)(29)(30)(31). A. rubrum has become increasingly dominant on a variety of soil types in the eastern United States since European settlement [the red maple paradox (32)]. Also, Abies balsamea suffers from regular outbreaks of spruce budworm, during which a large percentage of trees are often killed (33,34).…”

Section: Predictions For Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting and understanding forest dynamics using a simple tractable model

Purves

Lichstein²,

Strigul³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

228

203

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The perfect-plasticity approximation (PPA) is an analytically tractable model of forest dynamics, defined in terms of parameters for individual trees, including allometry, growth, and mortality. We estimated these parameters for the eight most common species on each of four soil types in the US Lake states (Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota) by using short-term (<15-year) inventory data from individual trees. We implemented 100-year PPA simulations given these parameters and compared these predictions to chronosequences of stand development. Predictions for the timing and magnitude of basal area dynamics and ecological succession on each soil were accurate, and predictions for the diameter distribution of 100-year-old stands were correct in form and slope. For a given species, the PPA provides analytical metrics for early-successional performance (H 20, height of a 20-year-old open-grown tree) and late-successional performance (Ẑ *, equilibrium canopy height in monoculture). These metrics predicted which species were early or late successional on each soil type. Decomposing Ẑ * showed that (i) succession is driven both by superior understory performance and superior canopy performance of late-successional species, and (ii) performance differences primarily reflect differences in mortality rather than growth. The predicted late-successional dominants matched chronosequences on xeromesic (Quercus rubra) and mesic (codominance by Acer rubrum and Acer saccharum) soil. On hydromesic and hydric soils, the literature reports that the current dominant species in old stands (Thuja occidentalis) is now failing to regenerate. Consistent with this, the PPA predicted that, on these soils, stands are now succeeding to dominance by other latesuccessional species (e.g., Fraxinus nigra, A. rubrum).climate change ͉ community ecology ͉ SORTIE ͉ TASS ͉ trade-offs

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Section: Predictions For Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting and understanding forest dynamics using a simple tractable model

Purves

Lichstein²,

Strigul³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

228

203

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show abstract

“…To test whether heterogeneity in inoculum potential varies predictably with host tree or soil factors within a temperate broadleaved forest we used a bioassay. Seedlings of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), a tree species that commonly occurs at our study site (Parker and Tibbs, in press) and is widely dispersed (Clinton et al 1994, Abrams 1998, were germinated in sterile soil without AM fungi. They were then transplanted into the field for 2 wk (Brundrett and Abbot 1994), after which colonization of their roots by AM fungi was assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity in Inoculum Potential and Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Lovelock¹,

Miller²

2002

Ecology

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Abstract. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations among glomalean fungi and plant roots that often lead to enhanced water and nutrient uptake and plant growth. We describe experiments to test whether inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities varies spatially within a broadleaf temperate forest, and also whether there is variability in the effectiveness of AM fungal communities in enhancing seedling growth. Inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate broad-leaved forest did not vary significantly among sites. Inoculum potential, measured as the extent to which the roots of red maple seedlings that had been germinated on sterile sand and then transplanted into the forest, were colonized by AM fungi, was similar in floodplain and higher elevation sites. It was as similar under ectomycorrhizal oaks as it was under red maples and other AM tree species. It was also similar among sites with deciduous understory shrubs with arbuscular mycorrhizae (spicebush, Lindera benzoin) and those with evergreen vegetation with ericoid mycorrhizae (mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia). Where spicebush was the dominant understory shrub, inoculum potential was greater under gaps in the canopy than within the understory. Survivorship of transplanted red maple seedlings varied significantly over sites but was not strongly correlated with measures of inoculum potential.In a greenhouse growth experiment, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities obtained from tree roots from the forest had different effects on plant growth. Seedlings inoculated with roots of red maple had twice the leaf area after 10 wk of growth compared to the AM community obtained from roots of southern red oaks. Thus, although there appears to be little heterogeneity in inoculum potential in the forest, there are differences in the effectiveness of different inocula. These effects have the potential to affect tree species diversity in forests by modifying patterns of seedling recruitment.

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“…Red Maple has increased in the region as a result of 20 th -century fi re suppression, selective harvesting of oaks, and perhaps increased precipitation (Abrams 1998, Hall et al 2002, Keim and Rock 2001 4 Choice: S = selected, A = avoided. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. the region by deer (Healy 1997) suggest that Moose browsing could limit Red Maple in some areas.…”

Section: Selective Foraging and Long-term Forest Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moose Foraging in the Temperate Forests of Southern New England

Faison¹,

Motzkin²,

Foster³

et al. 2010

Northeastern Naturalist

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-Moose have recently re-colonized the temperate forests of southern New England, raising questions about this herbivore's effect on forest dynamics in the region. We quantifi ed Moose foraging selectivity and intensity on tree species in relation to habitat features in central Massachusetts. Acer rubrum (Red Maple) and Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) were disproportionately browsed; Pinus strobus (White Pine) was avoided. Foraging intensity correlated positively with elevation, distance to development, and watershed type and negatively with time since forest harvest, explaining 26% of the variation. Moose may interact with forest harvesting to contribute to a decline in Red Maple and Eastern Hemlock and an increase in White Pine in intensively browsed patches. Nonetheless, foraging impacts may diminish over time, as increasing temperatures and sprawling development increasingly restrict suitable Moose habitat.

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The Red Maple Paradox

Cited by 500 publications

References 55 publications

Predicting and understanding forest dynamics using a simple tractable model

Predicting and understanding forest dynamics using a simple tractable model

Heterogeneity in Inoculum Potential and Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Moose Foraging in the Temperate Forests of Southern New England

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