2014
DOI: 10.7748/nm2014.04.21.2.30.e1199
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The RAFAELA system: a workforce planning tool for nurse staffing and human resource management

Abstract: The RAFAELA system was developed in Finland during the 1990s to help with the systematic and daily measurement of nursing intensity (NI) and allocation of nursing staff. The system has now been rolled out across almost all hospitals in Finland, and implementation has started elsewhere in Europe and Asia. This article describes the system, which aims to uphold staffing levels in accordance with patients' care needs, and its structure, which consists of three parts: the Oulu Patient Classification instrument; re… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications
(63 citation statements)
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“…A study conducted in Finland more than a decade ago is highlighted, that proposed a method to estimate the best level of nursing care intensity, contributing to the allocation of resources to meet the needs of patients ( 23 ) . More recently, this assessment has been made up of a system implemented in almost every hospital in this country along with the daily patient classification, the number of available nursing staff and financial information ( 24 ) . …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A study conducted in Finland more than a decade ago is highlighted, that proposed a method to estimate the best level of nursing care intensity, contributing to the allocation of resources to meet the needs of patients ( 23 ) . More recently, this assessment has been made up of a system implemented in almost every hospital in this country along with the daily patient classification, the number of available nursing staff and financial information ( 24 ) . …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some models (e.g., Jaffry & Capon, 2005;Reeves & Reid, 1999;Sing, Love, & Tam, 2014;Williford & Chang, 1999) were just tested based on feedback from professionals and qualitative data collected from senior managers. However, some models have been precisely tested based on actual patterns (e.g., Choudhury, Sarkar, & Mukherjee, 2002b;Dawson, Barrett, & Ross, 1990;Fagerstrom, Lonning, & Andersen, 2014;Lin et al, 2001), models' ability to replicate the past (e.g., Jorssen, 1989;Kinstler et al, 2008;Song & Rathwell, 1993), historic censuses over time (e.g., the work of Freed, Nahra, & Wheeler, 2003), fit tests, and residual error tests (e.g., Lin & Juan, 2010;Wang & Lin, 2007;Zhihong, Zhiguang, & Qi, 2003). Some articles merely mentioned that the validity of the model has been conducted, but the test approach has not been specified (e.g., Grobler & Zock, 2010;Masnick, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The RAFAELA™ Patient Classification System, which is widely used in Finland and to some degree in other Scandinavian countries, that is, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland, consists of three components: instruments for measuring the NI in different nursing environments (e.g., OPCq [Oulu Patient Classification] instrument for somatic wards), daily registration of actual nursing staff resources, and the PAONCIL (Professional Assessment of Optimal Nursing Care Intensity Level) instrument to determine the optimal NI level for each unit (Andersen, Lønning, & Fagerström, ; Fagerström, ; Fagerström, Lønning, & Andersen, ; Fagerström & Vainikainen, ). Recently, there has been interest to extend the use of the RAFAELA™ system also to other European countries (Van Oostveen, Ubbink, Mens, Pompe, & Vermeulen, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%