The Quantitative Occurrence of Different Taxa of Heterotrophic Flagellates in Southampton Water, U.K.

Tong, Susan M.; Sleigh, M. A.

doi:10.1006/ecss.2000.0607

Cited by 21 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These flagellates are known as poor swimmers, being associated with detritus (Caron et al, 1982;Zubkov and Sleigh, 2000), where they glide around the particles to feed on surface-associated bacteria (Boenigk and Arndt, 2000). They were known to be ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems (von der Heyden and Cavalier-Smith, 2005;Simpson et al, 2006), and they were even detected using light microscopy (Brandt and Sleigh, 2000;Weitere and Arndt, 2003). However, only upon application of CARD-FISH and kinetoplastid-specific probes ( Table 1 and Supplementary Table 1), these flagellates were found to be widely distributed in freshwater lakes and, similarly to their deep ocean counterparts, to dominate in deep oxygenated hypolimnion waters, especially in summer when their contribution to total abundance of protists can reach up to 54% (Mukherjee et al, 2015(Mukherjee et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Novel Hf and Mf In Freshwater Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CARD-FISH in the Sequencing Era: Opening a New Universe of Protistan Ecology

et al. 2021

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Phagotrophic protists are key players in aquatic food webs. Although sequencing-based studies have revealed their enormous diversity, ecological information on in situ abundance, feeding modes, grazing preferences, and growth rates of specific lineages can be reliably obtained only using microscopy-based molecular methods, such as Catalyzed Reporter Deposition-Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (CARD-FISH). CARD-FISH is commonly applied to study prokaryotes, but less so to microbial eukaryotes. Application of this technique revealed that Paraphysomonas or Spumella-like chrysophytes, considered to be among the most prominent members of protistan communities in pelagic environments, are omnipresent but actually less abundant than expected, in contrast to little known groups such as heterotrophic cryptophyte lineages (e.g., CRY1), cercozoans, katablepharids, or the MAST lineages. Combination of CARD-FISH with tracer techniques and application of double CARD-FISH allow visualization of food vacuole contents of specific flagellate groups, thus considerably challenging our current, simplistic view that they are predominantly bacterivores. Experimental manipulations with natural communities revealed that larger flagellates are actually omnivores ingesting both prokaryotes and other protists. These new findings justify our proposition of an updated model of microbial food webs in pelagic environments, reflecting more authentically the complex trophic interactions and specific roles of flagellated protists, with inclusion of at least two additional trophic levels in the nanoplankton size fraction. Moreover, we provide a detailed CARD-FISH protocol for protists, exemplified on mixo- and heterotrophic nanoplanktonic flagellates, together with tips on probe design, a troubleshooting guide addressing most frequent obstacles, and an exhaustive list of published probes targeting protists.

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Section: Novel Hf and Mf In Freshwater Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CARD-FISH in the Sequencing Era: Opening a New Universe of Protistan Ecology

et al. 2021

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“…Al‐Qassab et al. ; Brandt née Tong and Sleigh ; Tong et al. ) and is also known as a parasite of harmful algae (Elbrächter and Schnepf ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and Reclassification of Hemistasia phaeocysticola (Scherffel) Elbrächter & Schnepf, 1996

Yabuki

Tame²

2014

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Hemistasia phaeocysticola is a marine flagellate that preys on diatoms and dinoflagellates among others. Although its morphology and ultrastructure were previously observed and characterized, its phylogenetic position has not been analyzed using molecular sequence data. This flagellate was classified as a kinetoplastid on the basis of the presence of a kinetoplast in the mitochondrion. However, several morphological characteristics similar to those of diplonemids, a sister group of kinetoplastids, have also been noted. Herein, we report that H. phaeocysticola branches within the diplonemid clade in the phylogenetic tree reconstructed by analyzing 18S rRNA gene sequences. Its systematic placement based on this finding is also discussed.

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