2021
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00484-21
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Abstract: Akkermansia muciniphila , as a member of the gut microbiota, has been proposed as a next-generation probiotic. Liver fibrosis is the main determinant of liver dysfunction and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease.

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Cited by 62 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…Strikingly, in this study, the microbiota of the HSPEN group was extremely abundant with Akkermansia species (Figure 4C). Previous studies have indicated that Akkermansia may be regulated by bile acids and increased levels of bile acids can reduce the population of Akkermansia in mice (Higarza et al, 2021;Keshavarz Azizi Raftar et al, 2021). This finding seems to be in contradiction with the acknowledged enrichment of probiotic species within this genus.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…Strikingly, in this study, the microbiota of the HSPEN group was extremely abundant with Akkermansia species (Figure 4C). Previous studies have indicated that Akkermansia may be regulated by bile acids and increased levels of bile acids can reduce the population of Akkermansia in mice (Higarza et al, 2021;Keshavarz Azizi Raftar et al, 2021). This finding seems to be in contradiction with the acknowledged enrichment of probiotic species within this genus.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…AM-OMVs can influence obesity-related genes, as well as metabolism, to treat obesity, improve the tight junction to control leaky gut [ 230 , 231 , 232 ], and decrease the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines to ameliorate colitis [ 233 ], maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Subsequently, AM-OMVs may alleviate pathological damage to the liver and prevent liver fibrosis via the hepatic portal vein [ 234 , 235 ]. Not limited to the intestine axis, though the gut–brain axis, AM-derived OMVs can also affect the expression of key genes in the serotonin system and promote serotonin concentrations [ 236 , 237 ].…”
Section: Modified Probiotics and Diseasesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies have shown that heat-inactivated Akkermansia muciniphila can modulate the LPS-induced gene expression of liver fibrosis markers, including smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP), collagen type 1 (Col1), TGF-β, TLR-4, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), in LX-2 cells and reverse the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) in LPS-stimulated LX-2 cells. EVs (50 μg/ml) isolated from Akkermansia muciniphila inhibited TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression in LPS-stimulated LX-2 cells ( 73 ). They also reduced the release of serum cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and increased the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, thereby suppressing inflammation ( 73 ).…”
Section: Gut Microbial-derived Evs As An Important Mediator Of the As...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…EVs (50 μg/ml) isolated from Akkermansia muciniphila inhibited TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression in LPS-stimulated LX-2 cells ( 73 ). They also reduced the release of serum cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and increased the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, thereby suppressing inflammation ( 73 ). In addition, Akkermansia muciniphila and its EVs increased ZO-1 expression.…”
Section: Gut Microbial-derived Evs As An Important Mediator Of the As...mentioning
confidence: 99%
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