The Protective Effects of Different Mycotoxin Adsorbents against Blood and Liver Pathological Changes Induced by Mold-contaminated Feed in Broilers

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different mycotoxin adsorbents including esterified glucomannan (EGM), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and compound mycotoxin adsorbent (CMA) on performance, blood parameters, and liver pathological changes in broilers fed mold-contaminated feed. Two hundred and forty 10-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of the five dietary treatments including: i) control diet; ii) mold-contaminated diet; iii) moldcontaminated diet+0.05% EGM; iv) mold-contaminated diet+0.2% HSCAS; v) mold-contaminated diet+0.1% CMA. At 35-days-old, blood and liver tissue samples were collected for analysis. 0.1% CMA improved ADG and ADFI during 10-42 d compared to the moldcontaminated group (p<0.05). The mold-contaminated diet increased total white blood cell (WBC) number, haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) level, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, and decreased red blood cell (RBC) number and serum globulin (GLB) and urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations (p<0.05). The three mycotoxin adsorbents alleviated the alteration of RBC, WBC, Hgb and AST caused by the mold-contaminated diet. Furthermore, 0.1% CMA increased GLB concentration and decreased Hct level and GGT activity (p<0.05). Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was reduced, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was increased by the mold-contaminated diet (p<0.05). Both EGM and HSCAS prevented the increase of MPO activity (p<0.05). Liver lesion, including severe vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, was observed in chicks fed the mold-contaminated diet. 0.05% EGM prevented these effects except for biliary hyperplasia and mild vacuolar degeneration. 0.2% HSCAS showed medium vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes. Liver of broilers fed 0.1% CMA revealed a mild vacuolar degeneration. These results indicate that a mold-contaminated diet results in adverse effects on blood parameters and liver morphology. 0.05% EGM and 0.2% HSCAS partially alleviated the adverse effects. However, 0.1% CMA almost completely ameliorated the adverse effects.

Ameliorating aflatoxicosis in commercial broiler chickens by dietary Mycosorb: Heamato-Biochemical studies

“…Basmacoğlu et al (2005) have shown that the dietary EGM supplementation at the dose of 0.10 per cent succeeded in significantly increasing the proteinemia in broilers during aflatoxicosis. Wang et al (2006) and Che et al (2011) also reported such observations.…”

“…Banlunara (2005) indicated that activities of ALP was increased by AFB1, whereas, were decreased by EGM. Che et al(2011) reported improved ALP levels by the feeding of mycosorb (0.05g/kg) in aflatoxicated broiler chickens.…”

Effects of Yeast Glucomannan and Sodium Bentonite on the Toxicity of Aflatoxin in Broilers

“…It is predicted that, when more aflatoxin molecules are adsorbed by feed additives in the gastrointestinal tract, there are less negative effects on the target organs and blood biochemistry. These findings are in agreement with other studies reporting significant improvements with addition of YG in moldcontaminated diets (Aravind et al, 2003;Girish & Devegowda, 2006;Che et al, 2011).…”

“…Zeolites (Modirsanei et al, 2004;Khadem et al, 2012), bentonites (Ibrahim et al, 2000;Rosa et al, 2001;Eraslan et al, 2004;Abousadi et al, 2007;Manafi, 2009;, and yeast and esterified glucomannans (Raju & Devegowda, 2000;Aravind et al, 2003;Girish & Devegowda, 2006;Che et al, 2011;Mosca & Marichal, 2011;Rosa et al, 2012) have been shown to reduce aflatoxin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Some studies suggest that the best approach for decontamination is biological degradation, using yeast and yeast components, which may remove aflatoxin under mild conditions, without having to use harmful chemicals or causing any noticeable losses in the nutritional value or palatability of diets (Shetty et al, 2007;Oguz, 2012).…”

“…In order to be effective, these compounds must not be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. They should also have the ability to physically bind to chemical substances, preventing their absorption (Che et al, 2011). In this study, YG and SB were selected as adsorbents for reducing aflatoxin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and alleviating serum biochemical changes and lesions caused by the exposure to aflatoxin (250 ppb).…”