The protective effect of taurine and/or vanillin against renal, testicular, and hematological alterations induced by potassium bromate toxicity in rats

Abstract

Background: Potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ) causes toxicity in humans and experimental animals. The wide exposure to KBrO 3 in water disinfection and as a food additive necessitates finding of available antidotes for its hazards as taurine and/or vanillin. Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of taurine and/or vanillin against potassium bromate toxicity on renal, testicular, and hematological parameters in adult male albino rats. Methods: For this purpose, 30 rats were divided as follows: control group, rats were fed balanced diet and served as normal control; group 2, rats were fed balanced diet and served as positive control; group 3, rats were fed balanced diet supplemented with taurine (100 mg/kg diet); group4, rats were fed balanced diet supplemented with vanillin (100 mg/kg diet); and group5, rats were fed balanced diet supplemented with taurine and vanillin at the same tested dose for 3 weeks. Groups from 2 to 5 were orally administered a single dose of KBrO 3 (100 mg/kg diet) then sacrificed after 48 h. Results: Results showed that KBrO 3 administration induces testicular damage reflected in a significant decrease in total protein, glycogen, sialic acid with a significant increase in MDA level in testicular tissue. Also, there was a significant decrease in total spermatic count accompanied by an increase in the total number of malformed sperms (head, tail, and head and tail) in the pot bromate intoxicated group. Also, KBrO 3 toxicity induce renal damage manifested in a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, and xanthine oxidase activity. Renal TNF-α, IL-6, Hcy, and MDA significantly increased in the pot-bromate intoxicated group. Finally, hematological results showed a significant decrease in Hb%, MCV, RBCs, and WBCs count in the pot-bromate intoxicated group as compared to normal control groups. Histological findings showed that impaired renal and testicular histology was concomitant with biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Treatment with taurine and/or vanillin showed a significant ameliorative effect against deleterious effects of pot bromate toxicity on hematological parameters, renal and testicular tissues. Moreover, the recorded improvement of the studied parameters in rats pretreated with taurine and vanillin as antioxidants proves their synergistic effect.

Nephro-protective Efficacy of African Locust Bean Seed against Potassium Bromate-induced Renal Damage

“…The findings of this investigation showed that KBrO 3 caused an inflammatory response that was manifested by an increase in renal TNFand IL-6 levels, indicating nephrotoxicity. This is comparable to the increase in TNF-and IL-6 levels found in rats exposed to potassium bromate, as reported by Mohamed and Saddek [32]. Recently, Ugwu et al [58] found that KBrO 3 caused oxidative stress in the rat kidney.…”

“…Degradation of purines and pyrimidines may potentially be a contributing factor to the rise in uric acid levels. According to a study by Mohamed and Saddek [32], KBrO 3 increased xanthine oxidase activity, which resulted in an excess of uric acid being produced. This process may have led to the action of KBrO 3 in the increase of uric acid.…”

“…Using kits from Teco Diagnostics in Anaheim, California, the serum concentrations of the ions sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), chloride (Cl -), and bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) were all measured by spectrophotometric analysis. Rat ELISA kits with monoclonal antibodies specific for rat TNF-and IL-6 were used, according to Mohamed and Saddek [32].…”

Effect of Flavonoid-Rich Extract From Dalbergiella welwitschii Leaf on Redox, Cholinergic, Monoaminergic, and Purinergic Dysfunction in Oxidative Testicular Injury: Ex Vivo and In Silico Studies

“…This is in line with a previous study conducted by Bashandy et al 54 Sialic acid is an N-acetylmannose derivative that is an important component of glycolipids and glycoproteins. 55 The obtained results showed that there was a significant decrease in testicular sialic acid level in untreated FeSO 4 -incubated testicular tissues (Figure 7). This decrease in testicular sialic acid levels could be attributed to a slowing of spermatogenesis.…”

Potassium bromate-induced nephrotoxicity and potential curative role of metformin loaded on gold nanoparticles

“…9 Administration of KBrO 3 significantly elevated IL-6, this is consistent with other previous studies. [62][63][64] MET, AuNPs, and METAuNPs groups decreased IL-6. These findings correlate with the report of Al-Hashem et al 50 which showed that metformin suppresses thioacetamide inflammatory response.…”