In this article I present some findings of an ongoing 5-year longitudinal research program with young students. The chief goal of the research program is a careful and systematic investigation of the genesis of embodied, non-symbolic algebraic thinking and its progressive transition to culturally evolved forms of symbolic thinking. The investigation draws on a cultural-historical theory of teaching and learning-the theory of objectification-that emphasizes the sensible, embodied, social, and material dimension of human thinking and that articulates a cultural view of development as an unfolding dialectic process between culturally and historically constituted forms of mathematical knowing and semiotically mediated classroom activity.