The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Related Genes (hpa and babA2) in Iranian Patients with Gastrointestinal Disorders

Abstract

Background: The clinical result severity of Helicobacter pylori infection is determined by a combination of environmental factors, host genetic background, and H. pylori virulence factors. A number of genes containing vacA, iceA, babA2, cagA, cagE, hsp60-70, and hpa have been identified to enhance H. pylori pathogenicity by encoding virulent proteins. The babA and hpa proteins are considered 2 major adhesion molecules, and thus they are key agents in the initial step of H. pylori invasion. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the existence of babA2 and hpa virulence factors of H. pylori in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal complications. The relationship between these agents and clinical results was also investigated. Methods: A total of 80 positive biopsies out of 156 samples were studied to determine babA2 and hpa gene frequency by PCR. The positive biopsies were collected from patients suffering from gastric cancer (n =18), peptic ulcer (n = 26), and gastritis (n =36). Results:The babA2+ strains were found in 51 (64%) patients and the hpa+ strains in 57 (71%) patients were associated with sex (P = 0.02). However, the frequency of these factors was not significant between gastric disease groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results revealed different frequency of these virulence factors in Iran, which emphasized the effects of geographical influences. Also, it was found that male patients had higher rate of hpa than females, highlighting the gender specific factors.

Association of Helicobacter pylori babA2 gene and gastric cancer risk: a meta-analysis

“…The area of each square represents the magnitude of association, and the horizontal tips of the diamond represent the 95% CI [56,57]. It was showed that babA2 as a virulence marker could predict clinical outcome, which was dependent on the geographic origin of the H. pylori strains [27].…”

“…The sequence of the three babA gene alleles have been identified (babA1, babA2 and babB), but only the babA2 is involve d in Lewis-b binding activity. To date, several studies have evaluated the effect of H. pylori babA2 gene on risk of GC [19,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], but the results are conflicting possibly due to small sample size of single studies. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between H. pylori babA2 gene and GC risk based on published cases-control studies.…”

Association of Helicobacter Pylori babA2 gene and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis

“…There were 20 studies [19,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] (Figure 3).…”

“…Furthermore, interaction between host's immunological defenses and H pylori virulence factors may play an important role in the development of GC [56,57]. It was showed that babA2 as a virulence marker could predict clinical outcome, which was dependent on the geographic origin of the H. pylori strains [27].…”

“…The sequence of the three babA gene alleles have been identified (babA1, babA2 and babB), but only the babA2 is involve d in Lewis-b binding activity. To date, several studies have evaluated the effect of H. pylori babA2 gene on risk of GC [19,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], but the results are conflicting possibly due to small sample size of single studies. In the present study, we conducted a metaanalysis to assess the association between H. pylori babA2 gene and GC risk based on published cases-control studies.…”