The prevalence of hearing impairment within the Cape Town Metropolitan area

Ramma, Lebogang; Sebothoma, Ben

doi:10.4102/sajcd.v63i1.105

Cited by 23 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Male gender and increasing age have been identified as risk factors for hearing impairment [29]. In our study we have found that number of male subjects with hearing loss was more as compared to females.…”

Section: Original Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 51%

Association between smoking and hearing status: a comparative study between smokers and non – smokers

et al. 2017

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Background: Smoking, age, gender, socioeconomic class and education may contribute to the hearing loss. In this study hearing loss between smokers (current and ex) and non smokers was compared. Materials and Methods: 145 smokers [79 current (68 males, 11 females) and 66 ex smokers (60 males, 6 females)] and 145 non smokers (69 males, 76 females) were studied. Modified Kuppuswamy scale and smoking index were used. Hearing loss was assessed by Audiometry. P value of<0.05(unpaired t test and chi square test) was taken as statistically significant. Result: Statistically significant and non significant differences were found between the mean age and educational status of current-ex smokers and smokers-non smokers respectively. Statistically significant and non significant differences were found between the socioeconomic status of smokers-non smokers and current-ex smokers respectively. Difference was significant between smoking index of current and ex smokers (p=0.003). 70.05% males had hearing loss as compared to females (49.46%). About 59.24% and 26.09% hearing loss cases belonged to low education and upper and upper middle social class respectively. 68% and 24.24% of moderate and severe smoking index were of professional to graduate educational status. 36.17% and 30.30% of moderate to severe smoking index belonged to upper and upper middle socioeconomic class. 73.91% were from low social classes. 47.59% non smokers and 25.51% smokers had no hearing loss. The severity of hearing loss was more in heavy smokers. Conclusion: Hearing loss associated with smoking was found to be more in male gender, advancing age, low socioeconomic and educational classes.

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Section: Original Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 51%

Association between smoking and hearing status: a comparative study between smokers and non – smokers

et al. 2017

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“…Using a low cut-off such as 25 dB would identify milder HI and would produce a higher prevalence, whilst a pure tone cut-off at 40 dB would result in a lower prevalence as only moderate and severe HI would be identified [48]. The prevalence of HI in a population-based study from South Africa was estimated at 12.3% when using a cut off of 25 dB, while it was low at 4.6% when the cut off was 30 dB in children and 40 dB in adults [49]. Additionally, different mean ages of the study populations across studies will also lead to different prevalence across these studies, since HI prevalence was shown to increase with age [1]; therefore, the older the population, the higher the prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hearing Impairment Overview in Africa: the Case of Cameroon

Tingang

Noubiap

Fokouo³

et al. 2020

Genes

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The incidence of hearing impairment (HI) is higher in low- and middle-income countries when compared to high-income countries. There is therefore a necessity to estimate the burden of this condition in developing world. The aim of our study was to use a systematic approach to provide summarized data on the prevalence, etiologies, clinical patterns and genetics of HI in Cameroon. We searched PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online, AFROLIB and African Index Medicus to identify relevant studies on HI in Cameroon, published from inception to 31 October, 2019, with no language restrictions. Reference lists of included studies were also scrutinized, and data were summarized narratively. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019142788. We screened 333 records, of which 17 studies were finally included in the review. The prevalence of HI in Cameroon ranges from 0.9% to 3.6% in population-based studies and increases with age. Environmental factors contribute to 52.6% to 62.2% of HI cases, with meningitis, impacted wax and age-related disorder being the most common ones. Hereditary HI comprises 0.8% to 14.8% of all cases. In 32.6% to 37% of HI cases, the origin remains unknown. Non-syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) is the most frequent clinical entity and accounts for 86.1% to 92.5% of cases of HI of genetic origin. Waardenburg and Usher syndromes account for 50% to 57.14% and 8.9% to 42.9% of genetic syndromic cases, respectively. No pathogenic mutation was described in GJB6 gene, and the prevalence of pathogenic mutations in GJB2 gene ranged from 0% to 0.5%. The prevalence of pathogenic mutations in other known NSHI genes was <10% in Cameroonian probands. Environmental factors are the leading etiology of HI in Cameroon, and mutations in most important HI genes are infrequent in Cameroon. Whole genome sequencing therefore appears as the most effective way to identify variants associated with HI in Cameroon and sub-Saharan Africa in general.

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“…The protocol “Ear and hearing disorders survey” proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) performed an investigation on “ear pain” 34 but it is worth mentioning that the objective of the protocol was wider than only determining the prevalence of hearing loss. Besides, studies of this nature that have followed this protocol 13 33 35 36 did not present “ear pain/ache” in their results. Among school-age individuals, between the ages of 5 and 14 years old in India, one of the most common ear, nose and throat problem reported was earache, in 8.67% of the sample, 37 which was lower than what was presented herein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of Hearing Loss and Associated Factors in School-Age Individuals in an Urban Area of Northeast Brazil

Nunes

Balen

Souza

et al. 2019

Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Introduction Hearing loss interferes in the development of language and verbal capacities, which causes learning difficulties and deleterious effects. Objective To analyze the prevalence and associated factors for hearing loss in school-age individuals of the municipality of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional study that evaluated 238 school-age individuals (6–17 years old) in municipal public schools. Meatoscopy was performed and school-age individuals answered the questions “Do you think that you hear well?” and “Do you have earaches?”. Auditory evaluation was performed with a Telessaúde audiometer. The responsible adults answered socioeconomic, speech and audiology aspects and risk factors for hearing loss questionnaire. Results The prevalence of hearing loss was 16% (11.7–21.4%); 16% reported not to hear well, 18.9% reported earaches, and 26.1% presented altered meatoscopy. The prevalence of hearing loss was higher in school-age individuals who reported hearing difficulties, in children between the ages of 6 and 12, and with altered meatoscopy results (p < 0.05). Airway infection (PR = 3.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–7.68) was found as a risk factor associated with hearing loss, remaining significant in the multivariate model (PR = 6.79; 95%CI: 1.98–23.26; p = 0.002). Conclusions Hearing loss in this sample is above the values reported in other studies performed in Brazil for this age group. This highlights the necessity of better structure of speech and audiology attention, so that auditory health promotion actions can be systematized for this population.

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The prevalence of hearing impairment within the Cape Town Metropolitan area

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Association between smoking and hearing status: a comparative study between smokers and non – smokers

Association between smoking and hearing status: a comparative study between smokers and non – smokers

Hearing Impairment Overview in Africa: the Case of Cameroon

Prevalence of Hearing Loss and Associated Factors in School-Age Individuals in an Urban Area of Northeast Brazil

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