The prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in Poland—current results (2009–2013)

Karamon, Jacek; Kochanowski, Maciej; Sroka, Jacek; Cencek, Tomasz; Różycki, Mirosław; Chmurzyńska, Ewa; Bilska–Zając, Ewa

doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3657-z

Cited by 50 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The distinct differences in parasite prevalence among the examined provinces confirmed the results of our previous investigation in Poland (10). This study showed an apparent division of Poland into two zones: "eastern half" with high prevalence of E. multilocularis, and "western half" with low prevalence of the parasite.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, a slight but statistically significant increase in the prevalence was observed in Opolskie Province. E. multilocularis was not detected in this province in 2010 (10), but in the current study (2014) about 4% of infected foxes were found. In this province, like in the rest of the "western half" of Poland, the sudden increase in E. multilocularis prevalence in foxes did not occur after the anti-rabies campaign at the turn of the 21 st century.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…This could only be confirmed just by an investigation carried out in the years to come. Such a delayed rise of the parasite prevalence in Poland was observed in Świętokrzyskie Province, which only occurred in 2008-2012 (from 3.6% to 17.5%) (10,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Since this time, many investigations have been conducted in different regions of Poland and they showed diversity in prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes (1,17,23,24). A study which was carried out recently in the whole territory of Poland confirmed non-homogeneous distribution of this infection (10). The rate of E. multilocularis infected foxes in some provinces reached 50% whilst in the other ones the percentage was low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Five hundred red foxes from the investigated area were examined in 2013-2014 to estimate the current situation in selected provinces. Moreover, 550 red foxes from the same area examined in previous years (2007-2013) (10,14) were used to compare the differences in E. multilocularis prevalence in time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in red fox populations with high and low prevalence of this parasite in Poland (2007–2014)

Karamon

Kochanowski

Dąbrowska

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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The aim of the study was to estimate the current prevalence of E. multilocularis in selected populations of red foxes in Poland and to evaluate the changes in prevalence of this parasite by comparison with the results obtained in the same area during earlier surveillance. The investigations were performed in the area of four Polish provinces: 2 eastern/south-eastern (Lubelskie and Podkarpackie) and 2 south-western (Śląskie and Opolskie). Five hundred red foxes coming from the investigated areas were examined between 2013 and 2014 to estimate the current situation in selected provinces. Moreover, 550 red foxes from the same areas examined between 2007 and 2013 were used for comparison of differences in E. multilocularis prevalences in time.Intestines were examined with the use of the sedimentation and counting technique. Among 500 foxes examined in the current study, 118 were positive for E. multilocularis. There were differences in prevalence between individual provinces: Podkarpackie Province -54.6%, Lubelskie Province -18.9%, Śląskie Province -11.7%, and Opolskie Province -3.9%. Statistical analysis demonstrated that in most cases there were no differences in prevalence between the current results and the results from previous studies. Only in Opolskie Province was a statistically significant increase observed between 2010 and 2014. A stable degree of infection in the region with high prevalence of this parasite was demonstrated. However, a significant increase in the region with very low prevalence of E. multilocularis points out the necessity to monitor this infection during the coming years to control the progress of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in red fox populations with high and low prevalence of this parasite in Poland (2007–2014)

Karamon

Kochanowski

Dąbrowska

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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2015

EFSA Journal

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was required to support the European Commission in preparing the review of Regulation (EU) No 1152/2011. In Europe, red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the main definitive host of the Echinococcus multilocularis (EM) lifecycle. There is no evidence that any other carnivore species can maintain the lifecycle in the absence of red fox, and this makes it to most relevant target species for surveillance. Movement of infected definitive hosts is an important introduction pathway. The knowledge on the geographical distribution of the environmental factors for the persistence of the lifecycle is scarce. In areas where no suitable autochthonous wild canid hosts and no highly suitable intermediate hosts are present, e.g. Malta, establishment of the EM cycle is considered close to impossible. Such countries do not need to carry out surveillance on domestic dogs to substantiate absence of EM in the relevant animal population. Reconsideration of some aspects of the current legislation regarding surveillance activities might be relevant; for example the identification of epidemiologically relevant units should be independent from political borders. Studies to improve the knowledge on epidemiological risk factors should be encouraged to enable risk-based sampling. Echinococcus notification should always be done at species level in order to discriminate between the more severe alveolar echinococcosis and the cystic echinococcosis. Praziquantel is the substance of choice for the treatment of dogs. However, the treatment window should be reconsidered to reduce the risk of re-infection: a general rule is to treat as close as possible to entry into a non-infected country. There is a lack of standardization of the diagnostic methods between laboratories. The diagnostic sensitivity of the tests should be established in accordance to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) standards for validation. For the time being, the diagnostic sensitivity can be set conservatively to 78%.

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Global dynamics for mathematical model of Echinococcus multilocularis in rodents and red foxes

Hassan

Munganga

2020

Math Methods in App Sciences

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A deterministic model for transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis (EM), a parasitic disease responsible for human alveolar echinococcosis, is formulated and analyzed rigorously. The model consists of two hosts, with three compartments each, and concentration of the parasites from environment as sources of infection. The model takes into account a predator-prey relationship between the major hosts and obtained a threshold value for their existence. Systematic derivation of basic reproduction number,  0 , is provided. Thorough qualitative analysis of the model reveals that it has a local and global asymptotic stable disease-free equilibrium when  0 < 1; thus, (EM) will die out in the populations. However, when  0 exceeds unity, the model exhibits a unique endemic equilibrium, which is globally asymptotic stable; hence, disease will persist. The elasticity indices and partial rank correlation coefficients of the basic reproduction number and cumulative new cases of the two hosts with respect to parameter values are computed. Sensitivity analyses identified key parameters that are the most sensitive and can be used for control strategies in reducing  0 below unity. Numerical simulations are used to verify theoretical results and quantify prevalence of the disease in host populations. KEYWORDSEchinococcus multilocularis, elasticity indices, global sensitivity analysis, parasites, stability MSC CLASSIFICATION 37N25; 37N30; 92B05Math Meth Appl

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The prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in Poland—current results (2009–2013)

Cited by 50 publications

References 25 publications

Dynamics of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in red fox populations with high and low prevalence of this parasite in Poland (2007–2014)

Dynamics of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in red fox populations with high and low prevalence of this parasite in Poland (2007–2014)

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Global dynamics for mathematical model of Echinococcus multilocularis in rodents and red foxes

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