The Prevalence and Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis in a Birth Cohort: The Importance of a Family History of Atopy

Bleiker, T.O.

doi:10.1001/archderm.136.2.274

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Using a cross‐sectional design, a 1‐year prevalence of 11·5% and cumulative incidence of 20% was reported among primary school children aged between 3 and 11 years in 1989 in Birmingham, U.K., 1 whereas a cumulative incidence of 27·8% was reported in the north‐east of England among primary school children aged between 6 and 7 years between 1997 and 1998 2 . Prospective studies in the U.K. have also reported variable cumulative incidence rates of AD, 3–5 and varying rates have also been reported in other countries 6–16 . However, in spite of these variations most studies have provided strong evidence that the prevalence of AD is increasing 17–19 .…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Prevalence and incidence studies are important aids to the planning of health care, as it is through these that the magnitude of the burden of a disease can be established. Estimates of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) have varied greatly in the U.K. and most of the developed world 1–16 . Differences in case definitions, reference periods, study methods, study settings, sample sizes and age of the study populations, are all possible explanations for these variations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A prospective study of the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-42 months

et al. 2003

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A prospective study of the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-42 months

et al. 2003

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“…They are highly prevalent dermatoses and affect all age groups. AD is highly pruritic and the most common skin disease of young children, with a prevalence of up to 20% [3,4,5]. Psoriasis is mostly a disease of adulthood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Discovery of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors and Pharmacological Profile of Pimecrolimus

Stuetz

Baumann

Grassberger

et al. 2006

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Using a newly developed model of allergic contact dermatitis in pigs, calcineurin inhibitors of the tacrolimus and ascomycin type were shown to have a highly anti-inflammatory action after topical application. These findings provided the first pharmacological evidence of the efficacy of this novel class of topical agents in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, and, thus, their potential to become the first alternative to corticosteroids in more than 40 years. As a result of a large research program into ascomycins, pimecrolimus (Elidel®, SDZ ASM 981) was selected for development due to its favorable pharmacology and safety profile, alongside tacrolimus (Protopic®, FK 506). In vitro, pimecrolimus inhibits the transcription and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in T cells. Similar to the corticosteroids, betamethasone-17-valerate and dexamethasone, pimecrolimus is effective at nanomolar concentrations. Targeting mainly T cells, pimecrolimus has, however, a more specific mode of action. Moreover, in contrast to corticosteroids, pimecrolimus has no effect on Langerhans’ cells, the professional antigen- presenting dendritic cells of the skin that are crucial for local immunosurveillance. When applied topically, pimecrolimus exerts a high and selective anti-inflammatory activity in the skin, shows minimal percutaneous absorption, and has a low potential to affect systemic immunoreactions. Pimecrolimus cream 1% has proven to be well tolerated, safe, and highly effective in clinical studies in patients with atopic dermatitis.

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“…A positive family history is a strong predictor of the development of AD in children (7,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). However, as the prevalence rates change dramatically in some countries even in ethnically similar groups, gene variations cannot solely be made responsible for this outcome.…”

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The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children is influenced by their parents’ education: results of two cross-sectional studies conducted in Upper Austria

Weber

Haidinger

2010

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an important health problem worldwide. Several studies have shown that a positive family history is a strong risk factor. We studied the prevalence of AD among 23,583 Austrian school children and examined the association between the prevalence of AD in children and their parents' education at two points in time. As part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood programme, two cross-sectional studies were conducted in Upper Austria (Federal State of Austria) between the years 1995-97 (Phase I) and 2001-03 (Phase III). All pupils of pre-school classes and of first and second grade of all elementary schools in seven districts of Upper Austria received standardized questionnaires, resulting in a total of 13,399 (Phase I) and 13,731 (Phase III) children. All variables examined concerning AD showed an increase in prevalence in the age group examined: During the first study, 9.6% of the children ever had eczema diagnosed by a doctor (Phase III: 13.3%), whereas 9.2% ever had symptoms of AD (Phase III: 11.0%). In Phase I, 6.0% of the children had an itchy rash in the past 12 months (Phase III: 6.7%). In both studies, high parental education (i.e. high school or university degree) was an independent statistically significant risk factor for eczema in the child, resulting in an adjusted Odds Ratio between 1.13 and 1.37. In a census-like-survey, we are able to demonstrate a statistically significant association between parental education and the prevalence of AD in their children, which is independent of a possible parental AD.

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The Prevalence and Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis in a Birth Cohort: The Importance of a Family History of Atopy

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

A prospective study of the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-42 months

A prospective study of the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-42 months

Discovery of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors and Pharmacological Profile of Pimecrolimus

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children is influenced by their parents’ education: results of two cross-sectional studies conducted in Upper Austria

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