The presence of virus significantly associates with chronic rhinosinusitis disease severity

Goggin, Rachel K.; Bennett, Catherine; Bialasiewicz, Seweryn; Sundaresan, Rajan; Vreugde, Sarah; Wormald, Peter‐John; Psaltis, Alkis James

doi:10.1111/all.13772

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although the human archaeome is an exciting new area for research, larger studies are required in order to contextualize the results from the few studies published to date. In addition to bacteria and archaea, other microbes such as fungi and viruses are present in the sinuses during health and CRS disease (Lloyd-Price et al, 2017 ; Zhao et al, 2017 ; Goggin et al, 2019 ; Hoggard et al, 2019 ). Cross-kingdom interactions and co-occurrence patterns in the human airway microbiome should be investigated further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Mackenzie

West

Waite

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Human microbiome studies remain focused on bacteria, as they comprise the dominant component of the microbiota. Recent advances in sequencing technology and optimization of amplicon sequencing protocols have allowed the description of other members of the microbiome, including eukaryotes (fungi) and, most recently, archaea. There are no known human-associated archaeal pathogens. Their diversity and contribution to health and chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), are unknown. Patients with CRS suffer from long-term sinus infections, and while the microbiota is hypothesized to play a role in its pathogenesis, the exact mechanism is poorly understood. In this cross-sectional study, we applied a recently optimized protocol to describe the prevalence, diversity and abundance of archaea in swab samples from the middle meatus of 60 individuals with and without CRS. A nested PCR approach was used to amplify the archaeal 16S rRNA gene for sequencing, and bacterial and archaeal load (also based on 16S rRNA genes) were estimated using Droplet Digital TM PCR (ddPCR). A total of 16 archaeal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from the phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota were identified. Archaeal ASVs were detected in 7/60 individuals, independent of disease state, whereas bacterial ASVs were detected in 60/60. Bacteria were also significantly more abundant than archaea. The ddPCR method was more sensitive than amplicon sequencing at detecting archaeal DNA in samples. Phylogenetic trees were constructed to visualize the evolutionary relationships between archaeal ASVs, isolates and clones. ASVs were placed into phylogenetic clades containing an apparent paucity of human-associated reference sequences, revealing how little studied the human archaeome is. This is the largest study to date to examine the human respiratory-associated archaeome, and provides the first insights into the prevalence, diversity and abundance of archaea in the human sinuses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Mackenzie

West

Waite

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Prostaglandin (PG)E2 suppresses the activity of such lymphocytes; however, blocking PGE2 synthesis by NSAIDs could activate them. Consequently, virus‐affected respiratory cells would die due to the release of reactive intermediates, lysosomal enzymes and mediators, which may induce asthma exacerbation …”

Section: Natural Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in understanding hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs

Doña

Pérez‐Sánchez

Eguiluz‐Gracia

et al. 2019

Allergy

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Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the medications most commonly used for treating pain and inflammation, are the main triggers of drug hypersensitivity reactions. The latest classification of NSAIDs hypersensitivity by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) differentiates between cross‐hypersensitivity reactions (CRs), associated with COX‐1 inhibition, and selective reactions, associated with immunological mechanisms. Three phenotypes fill into the first group: NSAIDs‐exacerbated respiratory disease, NSAIDs‐exacerbated cutaneous disease and NSAIDs‐induced urticaria/angioedema. Two phenotypes fill into the second one: single‐NSAID‐induced urticaria/angioedema/anaphylaxis and single‐NSAID‐induced delayed reactions. Diagnosis of NSAIDs hypersensitivity is hampered by different factors, including the lack of validated in vitro biomarkers and the uselessness of skin tests. The advances achieved over recent years recommend a re‐evaluation of the EAACI classification, as it does not consider other phenotypes such as blended reactions (coexistence of cutaneous and respiratory symptoms) or food‐dependent NSAID‐induced anaphylaxis. In addition, it does not regard the natural evolution of phenotypes and their potential interconversion, the development of tolerance over time or the role of atopy. Here, we address these topics. A state of the art on the underlying mechanisms and on the approaches for biomarkers discovery is also provided, including genetic studies and available information on transcriptomics and metabolomics.

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“…Viruses are more common in CRS than in the general population. Goggin et al noted in a study of 288 patients that viral positivity was significantly higher in CRSsNP compared to CRSwNP and controls. The virus‐positive CRSsNP group was also significantly associated with more severe endoscopic and radiologic sinus disease.…”

Section: Precision Medicine In Crsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Deficient IFN‐beta (IFN‐β) responses to viral infection have also been demonstrated in asthma and CRS . A lack of early antiviral activity in patients in CRS may result in more frequent or severe viral infections and pave the way for bacterial invasion, leading to the downstream development of CRS . Further research into viral prophylaxis and antiviral therapy could have potential in the treatment of CRS.…”

Section: Precision Medicine In Crsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel findings in immunopathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis and their role in a model of precision medicine

Ong

Wang

2019

Allergy

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Our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is continuously evolving. The traditional description of CRS in terms of two phenotypes based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps belies the underlying intricate immunopathophysiological processes responsible for this condition. CRS is being increasingly recognized as a disease spectrum encompassing a range of inflammatory states in the sinonasal cavity, with non-type 2 inflammatory disease on one end, type 2 inflammatory, eosinophil-heavy disease on the other and an overlap of both in different proportions in between. Abundance in research on the immune mechanisms of CRS has revealed various new endotypes that hold promise as biomarkers for the development of targeted therapies in severe, uncontrolled CRS. The introduction of precision medicine to manage this chronic, complex condition is a step forward in providing individualized care for all patients with CRS. In this review, the latest research on the pathophysiology of CRS with a focus on potential novel biomarkers and treatment options over the last 2 years are summarized and integrated into a suggested model of precision medicine in CRS. K E Y W O R D S biomarkers, chronic rhinosinusitis, endotypes, immunopathophysiology, precision medicine

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The presence of virus significantly associates with chronic rhinosinusitis disease severity

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

A Novel Description of the Human Sinus Archaeome During Health and Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Progress in understanding hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs

Novel findings in immunopathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis and their role in a model of precision medicine

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