The presence of depression and anxiety do not distinguish between functional jerks and cortical myoclonus

Zutt, Rodi; Gelauff, Jeannette M.; Smit, Marije; Zijl, Jonathan C. van; Stone, Jon; Tijssen, Marina A. J.

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.09.023

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Patients with FMD have been found to report lower rates in questionnaires than when questioned directly, because of stigma of mental illness and/or because of alexithymia [13,28]. We did not confirm small studies in which psychopathology seems less frequent in functional tremor and myoclonus [12,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…A review paper comparing non-epileptic attacks and FMD however, concluded that similarities exceed the differences in terms of demographics and associated psychological and physical symptoms [8]. From individual studies focussing on single FMD non-motor symptoms like depression, anxiety, fatigue and pain seem to be comparably high [9][10][11][12][13]. However, a direct comparison between groups has not been performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shared demographics and comorbidities in different functional motor disorders

Gelauff

Rosmalen

Gardien

et al. 2020

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared demographics and comorbidities in different functional motor disorders

Gelauff

Rosmalen

Gardien

et al. 2020

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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“…A significant correlation between objective motor symptom severity and psychological symptom severity (anxiety, depression) has previously been reported in patients with functional myoclonus while it was absent in the organic myoclonus control group (Zutt et al, 2017).…”

Section: Relationship Between Motor and Non-motor Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 75%

The complex syndrome of functional neurological disorder

et al. 2022

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Background Patients with functional neurological disorders (FND) often present with multiple motor, sensory, psychological and cognitive symptoms. In order to explore the relationship between these common symptoms, we performed a detailed clinical assessment of motor, non-motor symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and disability in a large cohort of patients with motor FND. To understand the clinical heterogeneity, cluster analysis was used to search for subgroups within the cohort. Methods One hundred fifty-two patients with a clinically established diagnosis of motor FND were assessed for motor symptom severity using the Simplified Functional Movement Disorder Rating Scale (S-FMDRS), the number of different motor phenotypes (i.e. tremor, dystonia, gait disorder, myoclonus, and weakness), gait severity and postural instability. All patients then evaluated each motor symptom type severity on a Likert scale and completed questionnaires for depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue, cognitive complaints and HRQoL. Results Significant correlations were found among the self-reported and all objective motor symptoms severity measures. All self-reported measures including HRQoL correlated strongly with each other. S-FMDRS weakly correlated with HRQoL. Hierarchical cluster analysis supplemented with gap statistics revealed a homogenous patient sample which could not be separated into subgroups. Conclusions We interpret the lack of evidence of clusters along with a high degree of correlation between all self-reported and objective measures of motor or non-motor symptoms and HRQoL within current neurobiological models as evidence to support a unified pathophysiology of ‘functional’ symptoms. Our results support the unification of functional and somatic syndromes in classification schemes and for future mechanistic and therapeutic research.

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“…Other nonmotor features, particularly psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems, are also being recognized as part of the phenotype of certain movement disorders (eg, dystonia). In disorders with cortical myoclonus, almost half the patients experience symptoms of depression or anxiety . Underestimation of these nonmotor features is likely, as we have only recently started considering this to be part of the phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nomenclature of Genetically Determined Myoclonus Syndromes: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force

et al. 2019

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A BS TRACT: Genetically determined myoclonus disorders are a result of a large number of genes. They have wide clinical variation and no systematic nomenclature. With next-generation sequencing, genetic diagnostics require stringent criteria to associate genes and phenotype. To improve (future) classification and recognition of genetically determined movement disorders, the Movement Disorder Society Task Force for Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders (2012) advocates and renews the naming system of locus symbols. Here, we propose a nomenclature for myoclonus syndromes and related disorders with myoclonic jerks (hyperekplexia and myoclonic epileptic encephalopathies) to guide clinicians in their diagnostic approach to patients with these disorders. Sixtyseven genes were included in the nomenclature. They were divided into 3 subgroups: prominent myoclonus syndromes, 35 genes; prominent myoclonus syndromes combined with another prominent movement disorder, 9 genes; disorders that present usually with other phenotypes but can manifest as a prominent myoclonus syndrome, 23 genes. An additional movement disorder is seen in nearly all myoclonus syndromes: ataxia (n = 41), ataxia and dystonia (n = 6), and dystonia (n = 5). However, no additional movement disorders were seen in related disorders. Cognitive decline and epilepsy are present in the vast majority. The anatomical origin of myoclonus is known in 64% of genetic disorders: cortical (n = 34), noncortical areas (n = 8), and both (n = 1). Cortical myoclonus is commonly seen in association with ataxia, and noncortical myoclonus is often seen with myoclonus-dystonia. This new nomenclature of myoclonus will guide diagnostic testing and phenotype classification.

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The presence of depression and anxiety do not distinguish between functional jerks and cortical myoclonus

Abstract: Depression and anxiety scores are high and do not discriminate between functional jerks and cortical myoclonus. Quality of life was equally impaired in both sub-groups, but pain was significantly worse in patients with functional jerks.

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Shared demographics and comorbidities in different functional motor disorders

Shared demographics and comorbidities in different functional motor disorders

The complex syndrome of functional neurological disorder

Nomenclature of Genetically Determined Myoclonus Syndromes: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force

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