The Potential of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

O'Morain, Victoria; Ramji, Dipak Purshottam

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201900797

Cited by 46 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(333 reference statements)

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“…[1][2][3] Current therapies against atherosclerosis such as statins are not fully effective and many promising pharmaceutical leads from various drug discovery and other screening programs have failed because of safety concerns and/or off-target effects. [1,2] Substantial interest has therefore been fuelled in the use of natural products in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, possibly as adds-on with pharmaceutical agents. [1,2] Probiotic bacteria have many health benefits, including regulation of atherosclerosis-associated risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lab4P Consortium of Probiotics Attenuates Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Deficient Mice Fed a High Fat Diet and Causes Plaque Stabilization by Inhibiting Inflammation and Several Pro‐Atherogenic Processes

O'Morain

Chan

Williams

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: Previous studies show that Lab4 probiotic consortium plus Lactobacillus plantarum CUL66 (Lab4P) reduces diet-induced weight gain and plasma cholesterol levels in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The effect of Lab4P on atherosclerosis is not known and is therefore investigated. Methods and Results: Atherosclerosis-associated parameters are analyzed in LDL receptor deficient mice fed HFD for 12 weeks alone or supplemented with Lab4P. Lab4P increases plasma HDL and triglyceride levels and decreases LDL/VLDL levels. Lab4P also reduces plaque burden and content of lipids and macrophages, indicative of dampened inflammation, and increases smooth muscle cell content, a marker of plaque stabilization. Atherosclerosis arrays show that Lab4P alters the liver expression of 19 key disease-associated genes. Lab4P also decreases the frequency of macrophages and T-cells in the bone marrow. In vitro assays using conditioned media from probiotic bacteria demonstrates attenuation of several atherosclerosis-associated processes in vitro such as chemokine-driven monocytic migration, proliferation of monocytes and macrophages, foam cell formation and associated changes in expression of key genes, and proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Conclusion: This study provides new insights into the anti-atherogenic actions of Lab4P together with the underlying mechanisms and supports further assessments in human trials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lab4P Consortium of Probiotics Attenuates Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Deficient Mice Fed a High Fat Diet and Causes Plaque Stabilization by Inhibiting Inflammation and Several Pro‐Atherogenic Processes

O'Morain

Chan

Williams

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Current therapies targeting the dyslipidemia associated with atherosclerosis have various side effects. In comparison to pharmaceutical agents, nutraceuticals generated from the food after fermentation by probiotic bacteria have evoked greater interest in atherosclerosis prevention [ 90 ]. Supplementation of probiotic L. mucosae A1 exhibited effectiveness in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, including increased richness and diversity in ApoE -/- mice on a Western diet [ 91 ].…”

Section: Probiotics and Their Potential Role In Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke

Chiou

2021

Nutrients

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Among cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, coronary heart disease and stroke are the most well-known and extensively studied. The onset and progression of CVD is associated with multiple risk factors, among which, gut microbiota has received much attention in the past two decades. Gut microbiota, the microbial community colonizing in the gut, plays a prominent role in human health. In particular, gut dysbiosis is directly related to many acute or chronic dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in the host. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the pathogenesis of CVD is strongly linked to intestinal microbiota imbalance and inflammatory responses. Probiotics and prebiotics conferring various health benefits on the host are emerging as promising therapeutic interventions for many diseases. These two types of food supplements have the potential to alleviate the risks of CVD through improving the levels of several cardiovascular markers, such as total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and certain cytokines involved in the inflammatory response. In this review, we focus mainly on the preventive effects of probiotics and prebiotics on CVD via rebalancing the structural and functional changes in gut microbiota and maintaining immune homeostasis.

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“…It is likely that inflammatory processes play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis, as elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been observed in patients with atherosclerosis [ 42 ]. However, although some studies have demonstrated that probiotics can decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, their underlying mechanism remains unclear [ 7 ].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it is known that a diet high in fruits and vegetables can decrease the risk of CVD via various mechanisms, including reducing plasma cholesterol level and inhibiting blood platelet activation. However, such dietary modification can also result in changes in the microbial and metabolic composition of the intestines, which themselves are known to be characteristic of a range of physiological and pathological states, including CVD; the composition of the gut microbiota has been found to be associated with atherogenesis, thrombosis, chronic heart conditions and arterial hypertension [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], and this correlation has also been noted in a recent meta-analysis [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics—A Promising Strategy in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases?

Olas

2020

IJMS

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Recent evidence suggests that probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may serve as important dietary components in the prevention (especially) and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the recommendations for their use are often based on brief reports and small clinical studies. This review evaluates the current literature on the correlation between CVD and probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Although research on probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics has grown exponentially in recent years, particularly regarding the effect of probiotics on CVD, their mechanisms have not been clearly defined. It has been proposed that probiotics lower cholesterol levels, and may protect against CVD, by increasing bile salt synthesis and bile acid deconjugation. Similar effects have also been observed for prebiotics and synbiotics; however, probiotics also appear to have anti-oxidative, anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, probiotics not only have demonstrated effects in vitro and in animal models, but also in humans, where supplementation with probiotics decreases the risk factors of CVD. In addition, the properties of commercial probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics remain undetermined, and further experimental research is needed before these substances can be used in the prevention and treatment of CVD. In particular, well-designed clinical trials are required to determine the influence of probiotics on trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is believed to be a marker of CVDs, and to clarify the long-term effects, and action, of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in combination with drug therapy (for example, aspirin). However, while it cannot be unequivocally stated whether such supplementation yields benefits in the prevention and treatment of CVDs, it is important to note that clinical studies performed to date have not identified any side-effects to use.

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The Potential of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Cited by 46 publications

References 110 publications

The Lab4P Consortium of Probiotics Attenuates Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Deficient Mice Fed a High Fat Diet and Causes Plaque Stabilization by Inhibiting Inflammation and Several Pro‐Atherogenic Processes

The Lab4P Consortium of Probiotics Attenuates Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Deficient Mice Fed a High Fat Diet and Causes Plaque Stabilization by Inhibiting Inflammation and Several Pro‐Atherogenic Processes

Potential Benefits of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke

Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics—A Promising Strategy in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases?

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