The potential of compounds isolated from Xylaria spp. as antifungal agents against anthracnose

Abstract

Anthracnose is a crop disease usually caused by fungi in the genus Colletotrichum or Gloeosporium. These are considered one of the main pathogens, causing significant economic losses, such as in peppers and guarana. The current forms of control include the use of resistant cultivars, sanitary pruning and fungicides. However, even with the use of some methods of controlling these cultures, the crops are not free of anthracnose. Additionally, excessive application of fungicides increases the resistance of pathogens to agrochemicals and cause harm to human health and the environment. In order to find natural antifungal agents against guarana anthracnose, endophytic fungi were isolated from Amazon guarana. The compounds piliformic acid and cytochalasin D were isolated by chromatographic techniques from two Xylaria spp., guided by assays with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The isolated compounds were identified by spectrometric techniques, as NMR and mass spectrometry. This is the first report that piliformic acid and cytochalasin D have antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides with MIC 2.92 and 2.46 μmol mL−1 respectively. Captan and difenoconazole were included as positive controls (MIC 16.63 and 0.02 μmol mL−1, respectively). Thus, Xylaria species presented a biotechnological potential and production of different active compounds which might be promising against anthracnose disease.

Diversity of fungal isolates from fungus‐growing termite Macrotermes barneyi and characterization of bioactive compound from Xylaria escharoidea

“…Previous reports have revealed that Xylaria sp. produces xylaropyrones (Guo et al ., 2018), piliformic acid, and cytochalasin D (Elias et al ., 2018), all of which are potentially effective against human and plant pathogenic microorganisms, which further supports our study. Additionally, the reports of 4,8‐dihydroxy‐1‐tetralone isolation from the endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis sp.…”

Antifungal activity of 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol isolated from the endophytic fungus Diatrype palmicola MFLUCC 17-0313 against the plant pathogenic fungus Athelia rolfsii on tomatoes

“…The aerial mycelium of A. rolfsii isolate was scraped from the PDA surface and pulverized with a mortar and pestle to obtain a mycelium pulp. The genomic DNA was extracted following the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide method (Elias et al, 2018). Two universal primers, ITS4 (5 -TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3 ) and ITS5 (5 -GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAAGG-3 ), were used.…”

Discovery of a Novel Lineage Burkholderia cepacia ST 1870 Endophytically Isolated from Medicinal Polygala paniculata Which Shows Potent In Vitro Antileishmanial and Antimicrobial Effects

“…Drug discovery has been based on medicinal plants for centuries [ 1 – 3 ]. However, endophytes are capable to biosynthesize a plethora of natural products and compounds which are originally believed to be produced only by their host plants [ 4 , 5 ], and therefore, they are considered alternative suppliers of characteristic phytochemical compounds and represent a vast unexplored reservoir of unique chemical structures [ 6 ]. These plant-symbiont microorganisms that live in intimate interaction establish a mutualistic interaction with the host plant by exchanging nutrients and protection; they produce antibiotics and other substances that can protect the plant against stress conditions such as attack by herbivores, pests, and plant pathogens without causing apparent disease symptoms [ 7 – 9 ].…”

“…Drug discovery has been based on medicinal plants for centuries [1][2][3]. However, endophytes are capable to biosynthesize a plethora of natural products and compounds which are originally believed to be produced only by their host plants [4,5], and therefore, they are considered alternative suppliers of characteristic phytochemical compounds and represent a vast unexplored reservoir of unique chemical structures [6].…”