The potential of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus in improving the growth of wheat under chromium stress

Abstract

The high magnitude of heavy metals contamination in daily food attracts the attention of researchers for nding e cient and eco-friendly approaches that can help resolve this problem. Hexavalent Chromium (Cr +6 ) is one of the most toxic heavy metals that have deteriorating effects on the growth and quality of the end product of wheat. In this research, the role of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus fertilizer on wheat development in Cr +6 stress was evaluated. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the coapplication of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus gave considerably signi cant (p<0.05) results compared to their separate application. The increase in shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight was 38.17%, 29.31%, 47.89%, and 45.85%, respectively, compared to untreated stress-facing plants. The use of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus improved the process of osmolytes (proline 39.98%, and sugar 41.30%) production in plants which results in high water uptake and structural stability of proteins (86.65%) and improved cell membranes (66.66%) as well. They also augmented the production of antioxidants by 67.71% (SOD), 95.39% (APX), and 60.88% (CAT), respectively. The Cr +6 accumulations were reduced by 54.24%, 59.19%, and 90.26% in the shoot, root, and wheat grains, respectively. The combined application of Bacillus subtilis and phosphorus can reduce the heavy metals toxicity in crops.

The role of plant-associated rhizobacteria in plant growth, biocontrol and abiotic stress management

“…The phytomicrobiome also acts as an essential modifying factor in plant root exudation and vice versa, resulting in better plant health and crop yield both in terms of quantity and quality. Not only supports better plant growth but also involved in the degradation of toxic materials (Akhtar et al, 2021(Akhtar et al, , 2022 alleviating the stress conditions (Ilyas et al, 2022) that adversely affect plant development (Bhat, Tariq, Mir, et al, 2022;Bhatt, Verma, et al, 2020). The role of these PGPR is not only restricted to plant development but also to controlling the growth of phytopathogenic microorganisms (Gouda et al, 2018;Gupta et al, 2015;Sudha et al, 2022;Sukmawati et al, 2021).…”

Exploring the Plant Growth-Promotion of Four Streptomyces Strains from Rhizosphere Soil to Enhance Cucumber Growth and Yield

“…The indirect mechanisms involve biocontrol of phytopathogens through antibacterial and antifungal biomolecules [ 13 ], development of resistance against phytopathogens (i.e., soil-borne disease) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], and competition for nutrients [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. In addition, PGPB mitigates various abiotic and oxidative stresses [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Their use reduces chemical inputs in agriculture and environmental pollution [ 31 , 32 ].…”