The Possible Causal Link of Periodontitis to Neuropsychiatric Disorders: More Than Psychosocial Mechanisms

Hashioka, Sadayuki; Inoue, Ken; Miyaoka, Tsuyoshi; Hayashida, Maiko; Wake, Rei; Oh‐Nishi, Arata; Inagaki, Masumi

doi:10.3390/ijms20153723

Cited by 69 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Accumulating evidence has shed light on how neuroinflammation can play a key role on the PD pathogenesis and neurodegeneration [45,46]. As a potential contributor to neuroinflammation, periodontitis can cause a subclinical inflamed state in PD patients and may negatively alter the neuronal environment as in AD as previously proposed [25,47,48], however, this is merely speculative at this stage and shall be investigated in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Parkinson’s Disease, Periodontitis and Patient-Related Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives: People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be at risk of having bad periodontal status. A consistent periodontal examination is critical to investigate how it impacts on PD quality of life. We aimed to assess the periodontal status of people with PD, and its association with quality of life and self-perceived xerostomia. Materials and Methods: To this end, from February to March 2020, we consecutively enrolled 28 PD individuals, and motor and non-motor symptoms of PD were assessed using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). We performed full-mouth periodontal examination and gathered information on self-perceived quality of life in PD, oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and xerostomia. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis was 75.0% and most cases were identified as severe (46.4%). Upper extremity rigidity, hand posture and kinetic tremors were significantly correlated with worse periodontal status. PDQ-8 showed to be correlated with self-perceived oral health-related quality of life and xerostomia levels. Conclusions: This group of people with PD had a high prevalence of periodontitis. Deteriorated levels of the upper extremities in advanced stages of PD were associated with worse periodontal status and hygiene habits. Quality of life in PD appears to be associated with self-perceived OHRQoL and xerostomia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Parkinson’s Disease, Periodontitis and Patient-Related Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, dental scaling, which is the most common form of prophylaxis and treatment in periodontitis, significantly decreased the risk of developing PD. Other reports on an association between periodontitis and PD have come from Schwartz et al [56], Zlotnik et al [57], Kaur et al [58], Hashioka et al [59], and Olsen and Singhrao [60]. Although there are several studies indicating that periodontitis is more common in patients with PD, large longitudinal studies and randomized case-control or case-cohort studies are needed to substantiate this association [61].…”

Section: Other Clinical Studies Supporting a Potential Periodontitis-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Porphyromonas gingivalis involved in Parkinson’s disease?

Olsen

Kell

2020

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major subgingival plaque bacterium in periodontitis, has recently attracted much attention as a possible microbial driver in Alzheimer’s disease. In the present paper, another common neuroinflammatory disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), is discussed. A recent study found major virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipain R1 (RgpA) and lipopolysaccharide in the blood circulation of a PD population. The current review reveals how features such as systemic inflammation, hypercoagulation, presence of amyloid fibrin(ogen) in plasma, and marked ultrastructural changes in platelets, probably induced by P. gingivalis, may affect the development of PD. Several other clinical studies have also demonstrated an association between periodontitis and PD. Even if the risk of periodontal diseases causing neurological disorders needs to be better substantiated, that should not keep us from trying to prevent them by performing careful daily dental hygiene.

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“…More recently, the link between inflammation and the central nervous system (CNS) has been receiving increasing attention, and many studies have begun to investigate the link between P. gingivalis, inflammation, and the brain. Although the exact cause and effect relationship between this bacteria, peripheral and CNS inflammation, and the brain has yet to be fully elucidated, an increasing volume of clinical and experimental evidence has associated P. gingivalis with Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, and other forms of cognitive decline [1,[6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Porphyromonas Gingivalis Periodontitis and Other Chronic Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of plant species used for oral health against Porphyromonas gingivalis

et al. 2020

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is the keystone pathogen of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease which causes tooth loss and deterioration of gingiva. Medicinal plants have been traditionally used for oral hygiene and health and might play a role as antibacterial agents against oral pathogens. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of plants used for oral hygiene or symptoms of periodontitis against P. gingivalis. We first reviewed the literature to identify plant species used for oral hygiene or symptoms of periodontitis. Then, we cross-checked this species list with our in-house library of plant extracts to select extracts for testing. Antibacterial activity tests were then performed for each plant extract against P. gingivalis, and their cytotoxicity was assessed on HaCaT cells. The selectivity index (SI) was then calculated. A total of 416 plant species belonging to 110 families and 305 genera were documented through our literature search, and 158 plant species were noted as being used by North American Native peoples Once cross-checked with the extracts contained in our library of natural products, 30 matches were identified and 21 were defined as high priority. Of the 109 extracts from 21 plant species selected and tested, 21 extracts from 11 plants had higher than 90% inhibition on P. gingivalis at 64 μg/mL and were further selected for MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) assays. Out of 21 plant extracts, 13 extracts (7 plant species) had a SI > 10. Pistacia lentiscus fruits showed the best MIC with value of 8 μg/mL, followed by Zanthoxylum armatum fruits/seeds with a MIC of 16 μg/mL. P. lentiscus fruits also showed the highest SI of 256. Most of the extracts tested present promising antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. Further testing for biofilm eradication and examination of activity against other dental pathogens and oral commensals should be performed to confirm the potential of these extracts as antibacterial agents. Future work will focus on application of a bioassay-guided fractionation approach to isolating and identifying the most active natural products in the top performing extracts. This study can serve as a basis for their future development as ingredients for oral hygiene products.

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The Possible Causal Link of Periodontitis to Neuropsychiatric Disorders: More Than Psychosocial Mechanisms

Cited by 69 publications

References 85 publications

Parkinson’s Disease, Periodontitis and Patient-Related Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Parkinson’s Disease, Periodontitis and Patient-Related Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Is Porphyromonas gingivalis involved in Parkinson’s disease?

Antibacterial activity of plant species used for oral health against Porphyromonas gingivalis

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