The Plant's Response towards Insect Egg Deposition

Hilker, Monika; Rohfritsch, Odette; Meiners, Torsten

doi:10.1002/9780470760253.ch8

Cited by 48 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…For collecting volatiles from whole potted soybean plants, a six-arm-olfactometer was used as described by Turlings et al (2004 Soybean pods grow closely to the stem and thus did not fit into the volatile collection device used for single leaves. Therefore, volatiles emitted by soybean pods were sampled by solid phase microextraction (SPME).…”

Section: Volatile Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic and spatio-temporal patterns of induced volatiles in Glycine max in the light of the optimal defence hypothesis

Rostás

Eggert

2007

Chemoecology

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Summary. Plants attacked by herbivorous insects emit a blend of volatile compounds that serve as important host location cues for parasitoid wasps. Variability in the released blend may exist on the whole-plant and within-plant level and can affect the foraging efficiency of parasitoids. We comprehensively assessed the kinetics of herbivore-induced volatiles in soybean in the context of growth stage, plant organ, leaf age, and direction of signal transport. The observed patterns were used to test the predictions of the optimal defence hypothesis (OD). We found that plants in the vegetative stage emitted 10-fold more volatiles per biomass than reproductive plants and young leaves emitted >2.6 times more volatiles than old leaves. Systemic induction in single leaves was stronger and faster by one day in acropetal than in basipetal direction while no systemic induction was found in pods.Herbivore-damaged leaves had a 200-fold higher release rate than pods. To some extent these findings support the OD: i) indirect defence levels were increased in response to herbivory and ii) young leaves, which are more valuable, emitted more volatiles. However, the fact that reproductive structures emitted no constitutive or very few inducible volatiles is in seeming contrast to the OD predictions.We argue that in case of volatile emission the OD can only partially explain the patterns of defence allocation due to the peculiarity that volatiles act as signals not as toxins or repellents.2

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Section: Volatile Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic and spatio-temporal patterns of induced volatiles in Glycine max in the light of the optimal defence hypothesis

Rostás

Eggert

2007

Chemoecology

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“…However, for several systems it has been found that the emission of plant synomones can be induced by insect oviposition, and that these synomones will attract specific egg parasitoids (Meiners and Hilker, 1997;Meiners and Hilker, 2000;Hilker and Meiners, 2002;Hilker et al, 2002a;Colazza et al, 2004a;Colazza et al, 2004b;Fatouros et al, 2005;Fatouros et al, 2007;Fatouros et al, 2008;Fatouros et al, 2009). From an evolutionary point of view, both symbionts will take advantage of this 'early alert' (sensu Hilker and Meiners, 2006) mechanism, as the egg parasitoids would use such highly detectable and reliable volatiles induced in plants soon after herbivore eggs are laid, whereas the plants would increase their fitness by recruiting natural enemies of the herbivore eggs before significant damage has occurred, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms underlying synomone emission are associated with the presence of plant damage, either during oviposition or as a consequence of unrelated feeding behaviour on the host plant, in combination with elicitors contained in the reproductive system secretion and/or in the saliva of the herbivore (Hilker et al, 2002a;Hilker et al, 2002b; Rodriguezsurface, both locally and systemically, that arrest the egg parasitoids Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko and T. evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (Fatouros et al, 2005;Fatouros et al, 2007). Similarly, Brussels sprout plants induced by singly laid eggs of P. rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) arrest T. brassicae wasps (Fatouros et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most oviposition-induced synomones known so far are perceived by the parasitoids as olfactory stimuli (volatile synomones) and are exploited by species of Eulophidae, Scelionidae and Mymaridae in a few systems based both on arboreal, perennial plants and on herbaceous, annual plants (Meiners and Hilker, 2000;Hilker and Meiners, 2002;Hilker et al, 2002a;Colazza et al, 2004a;Colazza et al, 2004b;Manrique et al, 2005). The mechanisms underlying synomone emission are associated with the presence of plant damage, either during oviposition or as a consequence of unrelated feeding behaviour on the host plant, in combination with elicitors contained in the reproductive system secretion and/or in the saliva of the herbivore (Hilker et al, 2002a;Hilker et al, 2002b; Rodriguezsurface, both locally and systemically, that arrest the egg parasitoids Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko and T. evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (Fatouros et al, 2005;Fatouros et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-range allelochemicals from a plant–herbivore association: a singular case of oviposition-induced synomone for an egg parasitoid

Conti

Salerno

Leombruni

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Colazza et al., 2004a;Colazza et al., 2004b).The egg parasitoids might also respond to short-range induced synomones that are perceived after they have alighted on the plant. Oviposition by Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) and on Arabidopsis thaliana induces changes in the chemistry of the leaf Accepted 24 August 2010 SUMMARY Oviposition-induced plant synomones are semiochemical cues used by egg parasitoids during host selection, and are therefore considered important elements of plant defence. In this paper we show that, in the tritrophic system Brassica oleracea-Murgantia histrionica-Trissolcus brochymenae, the latter responded in a closed arena and in a static olfactometer to induced chemicals that are perceived from a very short range and after parasitoid contact with the leaf surface opposite the treated surface. An additive or synergistic effect due to (1) egg deposition, (2) feeding punctures and (3) chemical footprints of M. histrionica was observed. When all three phases were present, the parasitoid reacted to the induced synomone locally on the treated leaf area, at a close distance to the treated area, and on the leaf above the treated one, showing that there is also a systemic effect. When plants with host footprints combined with feeding punctures or with oviposition were tested, responses were obtained both locally and at a close distance, whereas in the remaining assays only local responses were observed. Induction time was less than 24h, whereas signal duration was apparently related to the suitability of the host eggs, as parasitoids did not respond to plants carrying old or hatched eggs. These oviposition-induced short-range plant synomones might have an important role in the host location process after parasitoid landing on the plant, in different combinations with the host kairomones involved in the system studied here.

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“…Female parasitoid foraging behaviour has been divided into a series of hierarchical steps: habitat preference, host community location, host location, host recognition and acceptance, and among the different ecological and physiological factors involved, chemical cues influence all of these steps (Vet & Dicke, 1992;Vinson, 1998;Steidle & van Loon, 2002). When dealing with host -egg parasitoid associations, stimuli indirectly associated with the presence of the host (Nordlund, 1994;Schmidt, 1994;Vinson, 1998;Powell, 1999) and coming from the planthost complex (Hilker & Mainers, 2002;Hilker et al, 2002) play a fundamental role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kairomone involvement in the host specificity of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

Salerno¹,

Conti²,

Peri³

et al. 2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. This paper reports the results of a comparative laboratory analysis of the behavioural responses of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to semiochemical cues from four species of pentatomid bugs, Nezara viridula (L.), Eurydema ventrale Klt., Murgantia histrionica Hahn. and Graphosoma semipunctatum F. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). In a Y-tube olfactometer, T. basalis was attracted by volatile chemicals from N. viridula, but not from other pentatomid species. In an open arena, the parasitoid reacted to chemical trails left on filter paper by all the species but most intensely to those left by N. viridula. However, upon encountering pentatomid eggs, T. basalis examined more intensely and probed more frequently the eggs of G. semipunctatum than those of the other species. The parasitoid only parasitized and emerged from eggs of G. semipunctatum and N. viridula; those of the other species were unsuitable. Therefore N. viridula is semiochemically confirmed to be a coevolved host (old association) of T. basalis, whereas G. semipunctatum may be a potential non-coevolved host (new association). The utility of these tests for defining a parasitoids' host specificity and in assessing the risk of non-target effects in biological control is discussed.

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The Plant's Response towards Insect Egg Deposition

Cited by 48 publications

References 99 publications

Ontogenetic and spatio-temporal patterns of induced volatiles in Glycine max in the light of the optimal defence hypothesis

Ontogenetic and spatio-temporal patterns of induced volatiles in Glycine max in the light of the optimal defence hypothesis

Short-range allelochemicals from a plant–herbivore association: a singular case of oviposition-induced synomone for an egg parasitoid

Kairomone involvement in the host specificity of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

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