The Physiology of Vomiting

Horn, Charles C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-34076-0_2

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The AP (Area Postrema) , also known as CTZ (Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone) has numerous receptors that can detect vomiting-inducing stimuli and transmit that information to the vomiting center, which then triggers the vomiting reflex [15]. Opioid µ, κ, dopamine-type 2 (D2), neurokinin-1 (NK-1), and serotonin-type 3 (5-HT3) receptors have been identified as CTZ receptors that cause emesis [16]. Enkephalin histamine 1 and 2 receptors have also been shown to affect the emetic reflex in AP [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Doxylamine Succinate With Pyridoxine Hydrochloride and Ondansetron in Treating Uremia-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Chronic Renal Failure Patients

SENGUPTA,

ROY,

CHAUDHURI

et al. 2023

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Advanced-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often complain of uremic dyspeptic syndrome specifically nausea and vomiting. This is a distressing phenomenon that compromises the patients’ quality of life. There is no guideline available for a complete cure for nausea and vomiting in CKD. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of doxylamine succinate with pyridoxine hydrochloride and routinely used ondansetron in improving the symptoms of non-dialyzed conservative CKD patients. Methods: A randomized, open-label, comparative study was done with 70 patients in the doxylamine succinate-pyridoxine group and 65 in the ondansetron group, a total of 135 patients completed the study. The study duration was 7 days. A catboost regression on the response of area under curve matric was carried out to compare the visual analog scale (VAS) score differences. Analysis of covariance and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare biochemical parameters and quality of life (SF-36) scores of both groups. Results: It was observed that there was a stark difference in the VAS score (nausea scale) for the non-dialysis patients in doxylamine succinate-pyridoxine hydrochloride in comparison to the ondansetron. Among the different measures of quality of life, physical function, physical role, and social function were found to be significantly improved by doxylamine succinate-pyridoxine hydrochloride as compared to ondansetron. Conclusion: Doxylamine succinate-pyridoxine hydrochloride is frequently prescribed for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting but is also effective in reducing uremia-induced nausea and vomiting symptoms in conservative CKD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Doxylamine Succinate With Pyridoxine Hydrochloride and Ondansetron in Treating Uremia-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Chronic Renal Failure Patients

SENGUPTA,

ROY,

CHAUDHURI

et al. 2023

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…Various sensory pathways trigger the emetic reflex including gastrointestinal vagal afferents, area postrema for detection of circulating toxins, vestibular complex system and forebrain descending pathways (Horn, 2017). On the bases of folkloric use of C. siliqua in the treatment of vomiting, chick emetic model was adopted to screen its possible antiemetic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnopharmacological basis for antispasmodic, antidiarrheal and antiemetic activities of Ceratonia siliqua pods

Hamid

Janbaz

2017

Bangladesh J Pharmacol

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The study was conducted to provide the ethnopharmacological bases of the crude extract of seed pods of Ceratonia siliqua in the gastrointestinal spasm, diarrhea and emesis. In segregated rabbit jejunum, it showed dose-dependent (0.01-10 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous as well as carbachol (1 µM)-induced contraction. Pre-treatment of segregated rat ileum with C. siliqua, significantly (p<0.0001) suppressed the carbachol (1 µM)-induced contraction similar to atropine (1 µM). These results indicated that C. siliqua possesses spasmolytic activity through possible blockage of muscarinic receptor in jejunum preparations. Furthermore, the crude extract inhibited the castor oil-induced diarrhea, charcoal meal propulsion in mice and copper sulfate-induced retches in chicks in a dose-dependent manner (100, 200, 300 mg/kg). These in vitro and in vivo results indicate that C. siliqua possesses the spasmolytic and antidiarrheal activities mediated possibly through blockage of muscarinic receptors. Thus, this study provides a rationale for its folkloric use.Video Clip of Methodology:12 min 42 sec <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/BQGWdIZqpsY">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQGWdIZqpsY">Alternate</a>

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“…At present, a diverse range of antiemetic medications that are approved for clinical use are utilized in the treatment and control of symptoms associated with nausea and vomiting. The medications can be classified into various categories, for instance, anti-dopaminergic drugs, antihistamines, serotonin antagonists, NK1-receptor inhibitors, anticholinergic drugs, and receptor agonists for corticosteroids, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) [ 20 , 21 ]. The extended utilization of synthetic antiemetic medications is also associated with various adverse effects, such as muscle weakness, spasms, or convulsions [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Quercetin Antiemetic Properties: In Vivo and In Silico Investigations on Receptor Binding Affinity and Synergistic Effects

Chowdhury,

Bhuia,

Rakib

et al. 2023

Plants

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Quercetin (QUA), a flavonoid compound, is ubiquitously found in plants and has demonstrated a diverse range of biological activities. The primary objective of the current study is to assess the potential antiemetic properties of QUA using an in vivo and in silico approach. In this experiment, 4-day-old chicks were purchased to induce emesis by orally administering copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) at a dose of 50 mg/kg (orally). Domperidone (DOM) (6 mg/kg), Hyoscine (HYS) (21 mg/kg), and Ondansetron (OND) (5 mg/kg) were treated as positive controls (PCs), and distilled water and a trace amount of Tween 80 mixture was employed as a negative control (NC). QUA was given orally at two distinct doses (25 and 50 mg/kg). Additionally, QUA (50 mg/kg) and PCs were administered separately or in combination to assess their antagonistic or synergistic effects on the chicks. The binding affinity of QUA and referral ligands towards the serotonin receptor (5HT3), dopamine receptors (D2 and D3), and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1–M5) were estimated, and ligand–receptor interactions were visualized through various computational tools. In vivo findings indicate that QUA (25 and 50 mg/kg) has a significant effect on reducing the number of retches (16.50 ± 4.65 and 10.00 ± 4.19 times) and increasing the chick latency period (59.25 ± 4.75 and 94.25 ± 4.01 s), respectively. Additionally, QUA (50 mg/kg) in combination with Domperidone and Ondansetron exhibited superior antiemetic effects, reducing the number of retches and increasing the onset of emesis-inducing time. Furthermore, it is worth noting that QUA exhibited the strongest binding affinity against the D2 receptor with a value of −9.7 kcal/mol through the formation of hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds. In summary, the study found that QUA exhibited antiemetic activity in chicks, potentially by interacting with the D2 receptor pathway.

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The Physiology of Vomiting

Cited by 9 publications

References 101 publications

A Comparative Study of Doxylamine Succinate With Pyridoxine Hydrochloride and Ondansetron in Treating Uremia-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Chronic Renal Failure Patients

A Comparative Study of Doxylamine Succinate With Pyridoxine Hydrochloride and Ondansetron in Treating Uremia-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Chronic Renal Failure Patients

Ethnopharmacological basis for antispasmodic, antidiarrheal and antiemetic activities of Ceratonia siliqua pods

Assessment of Quercetin Antiemetic Properties: In Vivo and In Silico Investigations on Receptor Binding Affinity and Synergistic Effects

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