The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis

Boisserie, Jean‐Renaud

doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00138.x

Cited by 112 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The upper limit is suggested by the suid P. hysudricus (32), which is not known from the Siwaliks in Pakistan later than 6.8 Ma, with an estimated last appearance datum of 6.5 Ma (39). The presence of the hippopotamid Archaeopotamus and the ratite Diamantornis laini in both the Baynunah and the Lower Member of the Nawata Formation (7.4-6.54 Ma) at Lothagam, Kenya also indicates an age greater than 6.5 Ma (38,40,41). The lower limit is not so well resolved, but is unlikely to be greater than 8 Ma.…”

Section: Geological Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Early guenon from the late Miocene Baynunah Formation, Abu Dhabi, with implications for cercopithecoid biogeography and evolution

Gilbert

Bibi

Hill

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance The primate subfamily Cercopithecinae represents the most diverse and successful living Old World primate group, with a current distribution throughout Africa and Asia. However, how and when these monkeys dispersed out of Africa is not well understood. This paper is significant in its description of a ∼6.5–8.0 million-y-old fossil guenon from Arabia representing the earliest cercopithecine (and only guenon) yet known outside of Africa. Furthermore, this specimen extends the guenon fossil record by at least 2.3 million y and may represent the earliest known cercopithecine as well. Because Old World monkeys appear to have dispersed out of Africa sometime during the Late Miocene, the Arabian fossils also have implications for dispersal scenarios in Old World monkey biogeography and evolution.

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Section: Geological Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Early guenon from the late Miocene Baynunah Formation, Abu Dhabi, with implications for cercopithecoid biogeography and evolution

Gilbert

Bibi

Hill

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…[21][22][23], and identifying the stem group of these mammals is still a challenging issue for biologists (22,23). A significant hippopotamid fossil record is thus far found only for the Hippopotaminae (large hippopotamids displaying a very derived morphology), which seem to appear abruptly in the late Miocene deposits of Africa, ∼7.5 Ma (24,25). The identification of the Paleogene-early Neogene cetartiodactyl group from which hippopotamines are derived is thus challenging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin

Orliac

Boisserie

MacLatchy

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The affinities of the Hippopotamidae are at the core of the phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals: cetaceans, ruminants, camels, suoids, and hippos). Molecular phylogenies support Cetacea as sister group of the Hippopotamidae, implying a long ghost lineage between the earliest cetaceans (∼53 Ma) and the earliest hippopotamids (∼16 Ma). Morphological studies have proposed two different sister taxa for hippopotamids: suoids (notably palaeochoerids) or anthracotheriids. Evaluating these phylogenetic hypotheses requires substantiating the poorly known early history of the Hippopotamidae. Here, we undertake an original morphological phylogenetic analysis including several “suiform” families and previously unexamined early Miocene taxa to test previous conflicting hypotheses. According to our results, Morotochoerus ugandensis and Kulutherium rusingensis , until now regarded as the sole African palaeochoerid and the sole African bunodont anthracotheriid, respectively, are unambiguously included within the Hippopotamidae. They are the earliest known hippopotamids and set the family fossil record back to the early Miocene (∼21 Ma). The analysis reveals that hippopotamids displayed an unsuspected taxonomic and body size diversity and remained restricted to Africa during most of their history, until the latest Miocene. Our results also confirm the deep nesting of Hippopotamidae within the paraphyletic Anthracotheriidae; this finding allows us to reconstruct the sequence of dental innovations that links advanced selenodont anthracotheriids to hippopotamids, previously a source of major disagreements on hippopotamid origins. The analysis demonstrates a close relationship between Eocene choeropotamids and anthracotheriids, a relationship that potentially fills the evolutionary gap between earliest hippopotamids and cetaceans implied by molecular analyses.

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“…These dwarf forms are interpreted as having probably derived from African Hippopotamus amphibius-populations (Kahlke 1990;Boisserie 2005). Hippopotamuses from Madagascar became completely extinct about 900 years ago (MacPhee & Burney 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fore limb bones of late Pleistocene dwarf hippopotamuses (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) from Madagascar previously determined as belonging to the crocodylid Voay Brochu, 2007

et al. 2010

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The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis

Cited by 112 publications

References 40 publications

Early guenon from the late Miocene Baynunah Formation, Abu Dhabi, with implications for cercopithecoid biogeography and evolution

Early guenon from the late Miocene Baynunah Formation, Abu Dhabi, with implications for cercopithecoid biogeography and evolution

Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin

Fore limb bones of late Pleistocene dwarf hippopotamuses (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) from Madagascar previously determined as belonging to the crocodylid Voay Brochu, 2007

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