The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants

Pokotylo, Igor; Kravets, V. S.; Martinec, Jan; Ruelland, Éric

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.003

Cited by 86 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…However, no PA-recognition consensus sequence motif was identified so far [5,14,25,108] in a contrast to the known lipid-binding domains, such as Pleckstrin Homology (PH), Phox (phagocyte oxidase) Homology (PX), Fab 1-YOTB-Vac 1-EEA1 (FYVE), or second conserved domain of protein kinase C (C2) domains. According to the current view, such motif does not exist; PA effectors use cationic and/or surface exposed hydrophobic residues for binding to PA [3,19,25]. Indeed, in the structures of PA-binding proteins and peptides obtained using Xray crystallography [ was less pronounced.…”

Section: Pa-protein Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements

et al. 2019

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Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest cellular glycerophospholipid characterized by unique biophysical properties: a small headgroup; negative charge; and a phosphomonoester group. Upon interaction with lysine or arginine, PA charge increases from −1 to −2 and this change stabilizes protein–lipid interactions. The biochemical properties of PA also allow interactions with lipids in several subcellular compartments. Based on this feature, PA is involved in the regulation and amplification of many cellular signalling pathways and functions, as well as in membrane rearrangements. Thereby, PA can influence membrane fusion and fission through four main mechanisms: it is a substrate for enzymes producing lipids (lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol) that are involved in fission or fusion; it contributes to membrane rearrangements by generating negative membrane curvature; it interacts with proteins required for membrane fusion and fission; and it activates enzymes whose products are involved in membrane rearrangements. Here, we discuss the biophysical properties of PA in the context of the above four roles of PA in membrane fusion and fission.

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Section: Pa-protein Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements

et al. 2019

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“…Plant phospholipase D (PLD) cleaves common phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, to release phosphatidic acid (PA) and free head groups. PA can act as a signalling molecule (Pokotylo, Kravets, Martinec, & Ruelland, 2018). In Arabidopsis, there are 12 members of the PLD family, which are sorted by domain structure and biochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipase Dα1 mediates the high‐Mg²⁺ stress response partially through regulation of K⁺ homeostasis

Kocourková

Krčková

Pejchar

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Intracellular levels of Mg2+ are tightly regulated, as Mg2+ deficiency or excess affects normal plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, we determined that phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1) is involved in the stress response to high‐magnesium conditions. The T‐DNA insertion mutant pldα1 is hypersensitive to increased concentrations of magnesium, exhibiting reduced primary root length and fresh weight. PLDα1 activity increases rapidly after high‐Mg2+ treatment, and this increase was found to be dose dependent. Two lines harbouring mutations in the HKD motif, which is essential for PLDα1 activity, displayed the same high‐Mg2+ hypersensitivity of pldα1 plants. Moreover, we show that high concentrations of Mg2+ disrupt K+ homeostasis, and that transcription of K+ homeostasis‐related genes CIPK9 and HAK5 is impaired in pldα1. Additionally, we found that the akt1, hak5 double mutant is hypersensitive to high‐Mg2+. We conclude that in Arabidopsis, the enzyme activity of PLDα1 is vital in the response to high‐Mg2+ conditions, and that PLDα1 mediates this response partially through regulation of K+ homeostasis.

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“…New tools, such as Förster resonance energy transfer-(FRET-) based phospholipid specific biosensors (i.e., the recently published phosphatidic acid (PA) specific sensor PAleon [80]) and super-resolution microscopy will help to give us further insights into the function of those lipids on a tissue-and a cellular-level in response to mechanical stress. PA is an important signaling molecule in plants, that is mainly present in the plasma membrane and was shown to be upregulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses (i.e., osmotic-, heat-, cold-, freeze-stress or after infection with the Pseudomonas effector protein AvrRpm1) [81,82]. The synthesis of PA mainly relies on three pathways, the dephosphorylation of diacylglycerolpyrophosphate by lipid phosphate phosphatase, the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol by the diacylglycerolkinases and the cleavage of phosphatidylcholine and/or phosphatidylethanolmine by the PHOSPHOLIPASE D (PLD) protein family [82].…”

Section: The Plasma Membrane-a Source For Signaling Molecules To Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PA is an important signaling molecule in plants, that is mainly present in the plasma membrane and was shown to be upregulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses (i.e., osmotic-, heat-, cold-, freeze-stress or after infection with the Pseudomonas effector protein AvrRpm1) [81,82]. The synthesis of PA mainly relies on three pathways, the dephosphorylation of diacylglycerolpyrophosphate by lipid phosphate phosphatase, the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol by the diacylglycerolkinases and the cleavage of phosphatidylcholine and/or phosphatidylethanolmine by the PHOSPHOLIPASE D (PLD) protein family [82]. It was also shown that PA plays an important role in microtubule bundling in response to salt stress [83].…”

Section: The Plasma Membrane-a Source For Signaling Molecules To Respmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plasma Membrane—An Integrating Compartment for Mechano-Signaling

Ackermann

Stanislas

2020

Plants

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Plants are able to sense their mechanical environment. This mechanical signal is used by the plant to determine its phenotypic features. This is true also at a smaller scale. Morphogenesis, both at the cell and tissue level, involves mechanical signals that influence specific patterns of gene expression and trigger signaling pathways. How a mechanical stress is perceived and how this signal is transduced into the cell remains a challenging question in the plant community. Among the structural components of plant cells, the plasma membrane has received very little attention. Yet, its position at the interface between the cell wall and the interior of the cell makes it a key factor at the nexus between biochemical and mechanical cues. So far, most of the key players that are described to perceive and maintain mechanical cell status and to respond to a mechanical stress are localized at or close to the plasma membrane. In this review, we will focus on the importance of the plasma membrane in mechano-sensing and try to illustrate how the composition of this dynamic compartment is involved in the regulatory processes of a cell to respond to mechanical stress.

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The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants

Cited by 86 publications

References 142 publications

Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements

Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements

Phospholipase Dα1 mediates the high‐Mg²⁺ stress response partially through regulation of K⁺ homeostasis

The Plasma Membrane—An Integrating Compartment for Mechano-Signaling

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The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants

Cited by 86 publications

References 142 publications

Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements

Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements

Phospholipase Dα1 mediates the high‐Mg2+ stress response partially through regulation of K+ homeostasis

The Plasma Membrane—An Integrating Compartment for Mechano-Signaling

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Phospholipase Dα1 mediates the high‐Mg²⁺ stress response partially through regulation of K⁺ homeostasis