The Pharmacokinetics of Lithium

Couffignal, Camille; Chevillard, L; Balkhi, Souleiman El; Cisternino, Salvatore; Declèves, Xavier

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45923-3_2

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Moreover, most of the developed LOC analytical devices for lithium determination are limited by constraints associated with reproducibility, and simplicity of the fabrication process [ 30 ]. The difficulty of accurately measuring lithium in biological matrices arises from the relatively high concentration of sodium, which is 100 to 300 times higher than that of lithium, at around 140 mmol/L [ 12 ]. Therefore, developing sensors for the measurement of lithium in blood requires high selectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The therapeutic effect of lithium salts is directly associated with its level in blood serum and there exist differences in individual pharmacokinetic and risk of intoxication [ 11 ]. Based on the differences in the excretion rates between individuals, the daily lithium dosage can vary between 10 and 80 mmol, which results in plasma concentrations of 0.4–1.2 mmol/L for effective treatment [ 12 ]. Lithium plasma levels greater than 1.2 mmol/L are potentially toxic and can be fatal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, peak lithium concentrations in plasma occur two to four hours after an oral dose, with complete absorption occurring at around eight hours. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor lithium levels in serum twelve hours after the last dose [ 12 ]. Currently, lithium determination is performed by withdrawing blood samples from the patient by trained personnel, which is invasive and often painful, especially in patients with difficult venous access.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Therapeutic Monitoring of Lithium in the Management of Bipolar Disorder

Sheikh

Qassem

Triantis

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Since the mid-20th century, lithium continues to be prescribed as a first-line mood stabilizer for the management of bipolar disorder (BD). However, lithium has a very narrow therapeutic index, and it is crucial to carefully monitor lithium plasma levels as concentrations greater than 1.2 mmol/L are potentially toxic and can be fatal. The quantification of lithium in clinical laboratories is performed by atomic absorption spectrometry, flame emission photometry, or conventional ion-selective electrodes. All these techniques are cumbersome and require frequent blood tests with consequent discomfort which results in patients evading treatment. Furthermore, the current techniques for lithium monitoring require highly qualified personnel and expensive equipment; hence, it is crucial to develop low-cost and easy-to-use devices for decentralized monitoring of lithium. The current paper seeks to review the pertinent literature rigorously and critically with a focus on different lithium-monitoring techniques which could lead towards the development of automatic and point-of-care analytical devices for lithium determination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Therapeutic Monitoring of Lithium in the Management of Bipolar Disorder

Sheikh

Qassem

Triantis

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…Li is recommended as a first-line treatment option in bipolar disorder and has been the mainstay of treatment for acute manic episodes, suicide prevention, and prophylactic treatment for the last 6 decades. 7 , 8 Li is infamous for its narrow therapeutic range of 0.6 to 1.2 mmol/L, with levels >1.5 mmol/L considered toxic. 7 Li is well absorbed in the intestinal tract, remains unchanged, and is renally excreted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium toxicity following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: Mini review and illustrative case

Ayub¹,

Saboor

Usmani³

et al. 2022

Mental Health Clinician

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Lithium is among the mainstays of treatment for bipolar disorder. Bariatric surgery can considerably change the oral bioavailability of drugs, particularly lithium. In this review, a 36-year-old male patient is described, who presented with lithium toxicity, including neurologic and gastric symptoms after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The mechanism of lithium toxicity is discussed; recommendations for clinicians regarding lithium use in postsurgical patients are provided; and previous case reports of lithium toxicity post-gastric bypass surgery are analyzed. Awareness and education of lithium absorption changes postbariatric surgery is essential for optimal patient care. Close clinical and drug concentration level monitoring is warranted.

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“…Bipolar disorder is a highly disruptive mental health condition that can lead to impairment in the overall health and functioning of an individual [ 1 ]. Lithium (Li) is used as a first-line treatment in bipolar disorder and has been the mainstay of treatment for acute manic episodes, suicide prevention and prophylactic treatment for more than six decades [ 1 , 2 ]. Li is infamous for its narrow therapeutic range of 0.6-1.2mmol/L, with levels > 1.5mmol/L considered toxic [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%