The “Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries” (PROVIDE) Study: Description of Methods of an Interventional Study Designed to Explore Complex Biologic Problems

Kirkpatrick, Beth D.; Colgate, E. Ross; Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.; Haque, Rashidul; Dickson, Dorothy M.; Carmolli, Marya P.; Nayak, Uma; Taniuchi, Mami; Naylor, Caitlin; Qadri, Firdausi; Jennie, Z.; Alam, Masud; Walsh, Mary Claire; Diehl, Sean A.; Petri, William A.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0518

Cited by 99 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Accordingly, understanding the true correlates of protection to improve current vaccines and facilitate the development of more effective next-generation vaccines, is urgent 187 . In addition, the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines is 30–40% lower in low-income countries than in high-income countries 118–120 , and the causes of this remain incompletely understood 188 . At present, all licensed rotavirus vaccines are live attenuated vaccines, which can revert to virulence in immunodeficient and prematurely born children 95 and can reassort with co-circulating human wild-type rotaviruses 189,190 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infection

Crawford

Ramani

Tate

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

526

558

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Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe, dehydrating gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age. Despite the global introduction of vaccinations for rotavirus over a decade ago, rotavirus infections still result in >200,000 deaths annually, mostly in low-income countries. Rotavirus primarily infects enterocytes and induces diarrhoea through the destruction of absorptive enterocytes (leading to malabsorption), intestinal secretion stimulated by rotavirus non-structural protein 4 and activation of the enteric nervous system. In addition, rotavirus infections can lead to antigenaemia (which is associated with more severe manifestations of acute gastroenteritis) and viraemia, and rotavirus can replicate in systemic sites, although this is limited. Reinfections with rotavirus are common throughout life, although the disease severity is reduced with repeat infections. The immune correlates of protection against rotavirus reinfection and recovery from infection are poorly understood, although rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A has a role in both aspects. The management of rotavirus infection focuses on the prevention and treatment of dehydration, although the use of antiviral and anti-emetic drugs can be indicated in some cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus infection

Crawford

Ramani

Tate

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Dis Primers

526

558

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“…The characteristics of the PROVIDE study population and study design have been previously described [20,24]. Briefly, a birth cohort of 700 children from the Mirpur urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh were recruited and followed for 2 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory markers predict episodes of wheezing during the first year of life in Bangladesh

Burgess

Jennie

et al. 2016

Respiratory Medicine

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Background Environmental factors that influence wheezing in early childhood in the developing world are not well understood and may be useful in predicting respiratory outcomes. Therefore, our objective was to determine the factors that can predict wheezing. Methods Children from Dhaka, Bangladesh were recruited at birth and episodes of wheezing were measured alongside nutritional, immunological and socioeconomic factors over a one-year period. Poisson Regression with variable selection was utilized to determine what factors were associated with wheezing. Results Elevated serum IL-10 (rate ratio (RR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–1.87), IL-1β (RR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.26–1.93) C-reactive protein (CRP) (RR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.03–1.93) in early life, and male gender (RR =1.52, 95% CI: 1.27–1.82) predicted increased wheezing episodes. Conversely, increased fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin (RR= 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76–1.00) and family income (RR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99) were associated with a decreased number of episodes of wheezing. Conclusions Systemic inflammation early in life, poverty, and male sex placed infants at risk of more episodes of wheezing during their first year of life. These results support the hypothesis that there is a link between inflammation in infancy and the development of respiratory illness later in life and provide specific biomarkers that can predict wheezing in a low-income country.

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“…The clinical characteristics and design of the cohort for the Dhaka, Bangladesh site have been reported previously (Kirkpatrick et al, 2015). Briefly, mothers and infants were recruited as part of the performance of rotavirus and oral poliovirus vaccines in developing countries (PROVIDE) study, conducted in two sites in Dhaka, Bangladesh and Kolkata, India.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maternal and socioeconomic factors on breast milk fatty acid composition in urban, low‐income families

Nayak

Kanungo

Zhang

et al. 2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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The lipid composition of breast milk may have a significant impact on early infant growth and cognitive development. Comprehensive breast milk data is lacking from low‐income populations in the Indian subcontinent impeding assessment of deficiencies and limiting development of maternal nutritional interventions. A single breast milk specimen was collected within 6 weeks postpartum from two low‐income maternal cohorts of exclusively breastfed infants, from Dhaka, Bangladesh (n = 683) and Kolkata, India (n = 372) and assayed for percentage composition of 26 fatty acids. Mature milk (>15 days) in Dhaka (n = 99) compared to Kolkata (n = 372) was higher in total saturated fatty acid (SFA; mean 48% vs. 44%) and disproportionately lower in ω3‐polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), hence the ω6‐ and ω3‐PUFA ratio in Dhaka were almost double the value in Kolkata. In both sites, after adjusting for days of lactation, increased maternal education was associated with decreased SFA and PUFA, and increasing birth order or total pregnancies was associated with decreasing ω6‐PUFA or ω3‐PUFA by a factor of 0.95 for each birth and pregnancy. In Dhaka, household prosperity was associated with decreased SFA and PUFA and increased ω6‐ and ω3‐PUFA. Maternal height was associated with increased SFA and PUFA in Kolkata (1% increase per 1 cm), but body mass index showed no independent association with either ratio in either cohort. In summary, the socioeconomic factors of maternal education and household prosperity were associated with breast milk composition, although prosperity may only be important in higher cost of living communities. Associated maternal biological factors were height and infant birth order, but not adiposity. Further study is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.

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The “Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries” (PROVIDE) Study: Description of Methods of an Interventional Study Designed to Explore Complex Biologic Problems

Cited by 99 publications

References 13 publications

Rotavirus infection

Rotavirus infection

Inflammatory markers predict episodes of wheezing during the first year of life in Bangladesh

Influence of maternal and socioeconomic factors on breast milk fatty acid composition in urban, low‐income families

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