The performance and durability of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells enhanced by single-layer graphene

Chen, Jianuo; Bailey, J. S.; Britnell, L.; Pérez-Page, María; Sahoo, Madhumita; Zhang, Zhe; Strudwick, Andrew; Hack, Jennifer; Guo, Zunmin; Ji, Zhaoqi; Martin, Philip A.; Brett, Dan J. L.; Shearing, Paul R.; Holmes, Stuart M.

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106829

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…[ 6 ] Moreover, the incorporation of ionic liquids [ 7 ] and inorganic fillers [ 8 ] can increase the proton conductivity by forming hydrogen bonds to immobilize PA molecules. Nevertheless, excessively high PA uptake causes a substantial reduction in the mechanical strength of membranes or even degradation due to the plasticizing effect of PA. [ 9 ] Furthermore, the leakage of PA in membranes also leads to a decrease of proton conductivity and catalyst poisoning. Therefore, exploring the HT‐PEMs with both good mechanical stability and high conductivity remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAF‐6 Doped with Phosphoric Acid through Alkaline Nitrogen Atoms Boosting High‐Temperature Proton‐Exchange Membranes for High Performance of Fuel Cells

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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High‐temperature proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) can offer improved energy efficiency and tolerance to fuel/air impurities. The high expense of the high‐temperature proton‐exchange membranes (HT‐PEMs) and their low durability at high temperature still impede their further practical applications. In this work, a phosphoric acid (PA)‐doped porous aromatic framework (PAF‐6‐PA) is incorporated into poly[2,2′‐(p‐oxydiphenylene)‐5,5′‐benzimidazole] (OPBI) to fabricate novel PAF‐6‐PA/OPBI composite HT‐PEMs through solution‐casting. The alkaline nitrogen structure in PAF‐6 can be protonated with PA to provide proton hopping sites, and its porous structure can enhance the PA retention in the membranes, thus creating fast pathways for proton transfer. The hydrogen bond interaction between the rigid PAF‐6 and OPBI can also enhance the mechanical properties and chemical stability of the composite membranes. Consequently, PAF‐6‐PA/OPBI exhibits an optimal proton conductivity of 0.089 S cm−1 at 200 °C, and peak power density of 437.7 mW cm−2 (Pt: 0.3 mg cm−2), which is significantly higher than that of the OPBI. The PAF‐6‐PA/OPBI provides a novel strategy for the practical application of PBI‐based HT‐PEMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAF‐6 Doped with Phosphoric Acid through Alkaline Nitrogen Atoms Boosting High‐Temperature Proton‐Exchange Membranes for High Performance of Fuel Cells

Wang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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“…The turnover frequency ( TOF ) was calculated from the equation [ 50 ]:

where J is the current density ( A ·cm −2 ) at a given overpotential (η = 300 mV), A is the surface area of the electrode, F is the Faraday constant (96,485 C·mol −1 ), and m is the number of moles of metal on the electrode. The mass activity ( J m , A·mg −1 ) was calculated from the active mass deposited on the electrode surface ( m , g) and the measured current I ( A ), as the following equation [ 51 ]:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Modulation of the 3D Architectured Ni/Fe Oxyhydroxide Anchored N-Doped Carbon Aerogel with Much Improved OER Activity

Hao

et al. 2023

Gels

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It remains a big challenge to develop non-precious metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in energy storage and conversion systems. Herein, a facile and cost-effective strategy is employed to in situ prepare the Ni/Fe oxyhydroxide anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon aerogel (NiFeOx(OH)y@NCA) for OER electrocatalysis. The as-prepared electrocatalyst displays a typical aerogel porous structure composed of interconnected nanoparticles with a large BET specific surface area of 231.16 m2·g−1. In addition, the resulting NiFeOx(OH)y@NCA exhibits excellent OER performance with a low overpotential of 304 mV at 10 mA·cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 72 mV·dec−1, and excellent stability after 2000 CV cycles, which is superior to the commercial RuO2 catalyst. The much enhanced OER performance is mainly derived from the abundant active sites, the high electrical conductivity of the Ni/Fe oxyhydroxide, and the efficient electronic transfer of the NCA structure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the introduction of the NCA regulates the surface electronic structure of Ni/Fe oxyhydroxide and increases the binding energy of intermediates as indicated by the d-band center theory. This work provides a new method for the construction of advanced aerogel-based materials for energy conversion and storage.

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“…In addition to their utilization as electrode materials in energy storage devices, graphene is also applicable for energy conversion as well as energy generation purposes. ,,, In devices like fuel cells (FCs) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), graphene plays an important role in the efficient conversion of chemical/solar energies into electrical energy. In FCs, graphene derivatives were suitably applied for decreasing the loading of Pt-based catalysts, as a catalyst support/standalone catalyst, or as an electrolyte membrane with the similar performances to that of other materials. − In the case of dye-synthesized solar cells, graphene derivatives were found to be improving the efficiency as well as stability of DSSCs by employment at the photoanode, electrolyte, and the counter electrode. − As these energy converting/harvesting devices utilize the expensive and limited Pt-based catalysts, the use of graphene derivatives as an alternative as well as supportive material not only reduces the cost but also acts as a viable replacement with accepted performance and stability.…”

Section: Energy Applications Of the Synthesized Graphene Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene/Graphene Derivatives from Coal, Biomass, and Wastes: Synthesis, Energy Applications, and Perspectives

2022

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In the last decade, there has been a phenomenal development in the commercially viable, large-scale synthesis of graphene, a multifunctional advanced carbon nanomaterial, which is gaining popularity for its diverse range of applications, especially in energy storage, composites, sensors, and membranes. With the increasing demand, a large number of worldwide research efforts have been employed, resulting in a series of enormous breakthroughs both in its fundamental science and innovative applications. The earlier reviews on graphene show that the increase in the production yield is often accompanied by the generation of substandard graphene quality, making the process unsuited for commercialization. However, recent studies on graphene synthesis have shown the use of naturally available carbonaceous sources for the production of low-cost graphene derivatives is becoming an emerging trend in graphene research. In this present review, the most recent advances in the synthesis of high-quality graphene from solid carbon precursors, particularly abundant coal, biomass, and waste materials, have been extensively discussed along with their potential scalability for commercial production. The quality and yield of these graphene derivatives synthesized through different methods like chemical vapor deposition, exfoliation, laser-induced, microwave irradiation, and chemical methods are also examined to determine the best-suited synthetic methodology from the available literature. The utilization of graphene derivatives in the energy sector was further discussed, particularly in the emerging field of energy storage. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of this study are highlighted to have a better understanding of the current graphene production scenario, with an insight into the most efficient method for synthesizing high-purity low-cost graphene and their potential for scaleup and energy applications in the distant future.

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The performance and durability of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells enhanced by single-layer graphene

Cited by 36 publications

References 56 publications

PAF‐6 Doped with Phosphoric Acid through Alkaline Nitrogen Atoms Boosting High‐Temperature Proton‐Exchange Membranes for High Performance of Fuel Cells

PAF‐6 Doped with Phosphoric Acid through Alkaline Nitrogen Atoms Boosting High‐Temperature Proton‐Exchange Membranes for High Performance of Fuel Cells

Electronic Modulation of the 3D Architectured Ni/Fe Oxyhydroxide Anchored N-Doped Carbon Aerogel with Much Improved OER Activity

Graphene/Graphene Derivatives from Coal, Biomass, and Wastes: Synthesis, Energy Applications, and Perspectives

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